2bd2a063b6d15c39191976a67555680c 311664.pdf ee3497fbf143485d5cf870f4fc62bf0b51514658 311664.pdf bbdbec826bf7e9fafb8954efaa5ba2c28135d34503189d738b8b80e6e622aa3c 311664.pdf Title: Comparison of the Determinants of the “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test” (CAT) and the “Asthma Control Test” (ACT) in Patients with Asthma–COPD Overlap Subject: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate which of two short questionnaires, the Asthma Control Test (ACT) or the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), correlates better with severity variables and whether they share similar determinants in patients with asthma–COPD overlap. Method: This observational, cross-sectional, multicentric study included smokers and former smokers of more than 10 pack-years, with non-fully reversible airflow obstruction and either a concomitant diagnosis of asthma or signs of type 2 inflammation, from 15 centres in Spain. Results: A total of157 patients were included, 109 (69.4%) were men, the mean age was 63.3 (SD: 9) years and the mean FEV1 (%) was 59.7% (SD: 20.5%). The mean CAT score was 14.5 (SD: 8.7), and the mean ACT score was 17.9 (SD: 5.2). Both scores showed good correlations (r = 0.717; p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and mMRC dyspnoea scores were independently and significantly associated with both the CAT and ACT scores; however, age was only significantly associated with the CAT, and the EQ-5D scores and the number of exacerbations in the previous year were only significantly associated with the ACT scores. The ACT had a slightly better predictive value for exacerbations than the CAT (AUC = 0.70 (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.79 vs. 0.65 (95% CI: 0.56 to 0.74))). Conclusions: There is a good correlation between ACT and CAT scores in patients with ACO. However, severe patients scored worse on the CAT than the ACT. Anxiety, depression and dyspnoea were significantly associated with both the CAT and ACT scores. The ACT was a slightly better predictor of exacerbations than the CAT in this population. 22pt Keywords: CAT; ACT; asthma–COPD overlap; quality of life Author: Cristina Aljama, Galo Granados, Francisco Javier Callejas-González, Carlos Martínez-Rivera, Abel Pallarés-Sanmartín, Laura Rodríguez-Pons, Eva Cabrera-César, Eduardo Márquez-Martín, Ana Boldova-Loscertales, Elsa Naval-Sendra, Beatriz Abascal-Bolado, Carlos Cabrera-López, Marc Miravitlles, Cristina Esquinas and Miriam Barrecheguren Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Oct 24 10:50:49 2024 CEST ModDate: Thu Oct 24 10:56:54 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1151627 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 EMFMII+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 IKOHNK+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 FINEVD+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 EIFDAO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 48 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 51 0 CNXSVA+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 71 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 76 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 84 0 ECMBFA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 99 0 ECMBFB+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 102 0 ECMBFC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 108 0 ECMBFE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 111 0 ECMBPB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 114 0 ECMDGM+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 ECMGAO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 131 0 ECMBFA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 134 0 ECMBFB+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 137 0 ECMBFC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 ECMBFE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 146 0 ECMBPB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 149 0 ECMDGM+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 170 0 ECMBFA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 173 0 ECMBFB+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 176 0 ECMBFC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 182 0 ECMBFE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 185 0 ECMBPB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 188 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-07-03 02:46:17 CEST RepresentationInformation: 311664.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-07-02 10:39:51 CEST Size: 1151627 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 350 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Design of This Study Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Participants Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Measurements Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Study Population Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: CAT and ACT Scores and Their Correlation Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Correlations Between CAT and ACT Scores and Markers of Disease Severity Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Factors Significantly Associated with CAT and ACT Scores: Univariate and Multivariate Analyses Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Predictive Values of the CAT and ACT Scores for Exacerbations Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Discordance Between the CAT and ACT Scores Destination: subsection.3.6 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Comparison of the Determinants of the “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test” (CAT) and the “Asthma Control Test” (ACT) in Patients with Asthma COPD Overlap Author: Cristina Aljama, Galo Granados, Francisco Javier Callejas-González, Carlos Martínez-Rivera, Abel Pallarés-Sanmartín, Laura Rodríguez-Pons, Eva Cabrera-César, Eduardo Márquez-Martín, Ana Boldova-Loscertales, Elsa Naval-Sendra, Beatriz Abascal-Bolado, Carlos Cabrera-López, Marc Miravitlles, Cristina Esquinas and Miriam Barrecheguren Subject: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate which of two short questionnaires, the Asthma Control Test (ACT) or the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), correlates better with severity variables and whether they share similar determinants in patients with asthma COPD overlap. Method: This observational, cross-sectional, multicentric study included smokers and former smokers of more than 10 pack-years, with non-fully reversible airflow obstruction and either a concomitant diagnosis of asthma or signs of type 2 inflammation, from 15 centres in Spain. Results: A total of157 patients were included, 109 (69.4%) were men, the mean age was 63.3 (SD: 9) years and the mean FEV1 (%) was 59.7% (SD: 20.5%). The mean CAT score was 14.5 (SD: 8.7), and the mean ACT score was 17.9 (SD: 5.2). Both scores showed good correlations (r = 0.717; p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and mMRC dyspnoea scores were independently and significantly associated with both the CAT and ACT scores; however, age was only significantly associated with the CAT, and the EQ-5D scores and the number of exacerbations in the previous year were only significantly associated with the ACT scores. The ACT had a slightly better predictive value for exacerbations than the CAT (AUC = 0.70 (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.79 vs. 0.65 (95% CI: 0.56 to 0.74))). Conclusions: There is a good correlation between ACT and CAT scores in patients with ACO. However, severe patients scored worse on the CAT than the ACT. Anxiety, depression and dyspnoea were significantly associated with both the CAT and ACT scores. The ACT was a slightly better predictor of exacerbations than the CAT in this population. 22pt Keywords: CAT; ACT; asthma COPD overlap; quality of life Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Oct 24 10:50:49 CEST 2024 ModDate: Thu Oct 24 10:56:54 CEST 2024 ID: 0xf86d14970f40f536bb6ec4f811269fc6, 0xf86d14970f40f536bb6ec4f811269fc6 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: EIFDAO+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 129 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: EIFDAO+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: EMFMII+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 150 FontDescriptor: FontName: EMFMII+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 112 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: IKOHNK+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: IKOHNK+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CNXSVA+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: CNXSVA+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: FINEVD+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: FINEVD+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: OVNEXW+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 22 LastChar: 22 FontDescriptor: FontName: OVNEXW+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 291, 152, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 279, 128, 288 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 149, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 176, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 642, 219, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 386, 642, 397, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 642, 524, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 152, 629, 163, 643 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 629, 510, 643 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 481, 616, 492, 630 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 124, 604, 135, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 130, 17, 267, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 436, 87, 455 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 392, 653, 399, 662 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 640, 331, 649 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 590, 546, 599 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 590, 556, 599 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 552, 516, 561 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 518, 552, 525, 561 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 482, 514, 489, 524 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 502, 435, 511 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 438, 502, 450, 511 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 528, 489, 540, 499 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 489, 555, 499 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 464, 469, 473 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 470, 464, 482, 473 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 482, 464, 494, 473 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 464, 509, 473 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 242, 414, 254, 423 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 414, 445, 423 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 414, 556, 423 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 389, 268, 398 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 124, 451, 133 ActionDest: 203 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 731, 197, 740 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 316, 580, 328, 589 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 197, 567, 209, 576 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 314, 567, 326, 576 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 555, 245, 564 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 542, 486, 551 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 517, 205, 526 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 205, 517, 217, 526 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 492, 247, 501 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 258, 429, 270, 438 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 417, 245, 426 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 417, 257, 426 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 354, 248, 363 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 329, 280, 338 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 316, 204, 325 ActionDest: 206 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 652, 409, 664 ActionDest: 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 553, 430, 560, 442 ActionDest: 81 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 472, 399, 478, 411 ActionDest: 89 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 244, 728, 251, 740 ActionDest: 118 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 370, 395, 382 ActionDest: 118 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 491, 588, 498, 600 ActionDest: 153 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 728, 511, 740 ActionDest: 156 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 516, 355, 523, 367 ActionDest: 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 267, 364, 279 ActionDest: 156 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 235, 337, 244 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 455, 223, 467, 232 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 185, 490, 194 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 491, 185, 503, 194 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 123, 228, 131 ActionDest: 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 85, 365, 94 ActionDest: 203 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 743, 466, 752 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 718, 364, 727 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 367, 257, 376 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 329, 228, 338 ActionDest: 206 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 166, 359, 175 ActionDest: 206 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 522, 731, 534, 740 ActionDest: 206 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 704, 168, 715 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 175, 704, 211, 715 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 680, 550, 691 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 458, 669, 495, 680 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 669, 538, 680 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 479, 646, 515, 657 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 521, 646, 557, 657 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 612, 173, 622 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 612, 215, 622 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 483, 588, 520, 599 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 84, 565, 121, 576 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 532, 168, 542 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 496, 557, 507 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 225, 450, 263, 461 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 417, 173, 427 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 417, 215, 427 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 371, 96, 381 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 335, 361, 346 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 312, 557, 323 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 289, 470, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 310, 266, 348, 277 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 243, 447, 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 210, 258, 220 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 175, 141, 185 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 151, 291, 162 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 118, 133, 128 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 139, 118, 175, 128 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 83, 217, 93 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 458, 730, 496, 741 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 696, 96, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 672, 377, 683 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 638, 173, 648 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 418, 614, 455, 625 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 591, 409, 602 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 534, 225, 545 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 273, 499, 311, 510 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 499, 353, 510 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 442, 464, 453 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 470, 442, 506, 453 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 419, 439, 430 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 419, 482, 430 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 385, 217, 395 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 361, 236, 372 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 339, 509, 349 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 304, 291, 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 310, 281, 348, 292 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 516, 258, 554, 269 Checksum: 22ad0035 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 2bd2a063b6d15c39191976a67555680c Type: MD5 Checksum: ee3497fbf143485d5cf870f4fc62bf0b51514658 Type: SHA-1 Checksum: bbdbec826bf7e9fafb8954efaa5ba2c28135d34503189d738b8b80e6e622aa3c Type: SHA-256