a4aa07c1405963f12510cc0a7648e5a0 wrae130.pdf 2143c2f3ab4a9eb8214c0236b73841001ae24e4c wrae130.pdf 396361a3b8ccf5e5a17aa9b462ff41ecd99c1e7a877b4dab8a4bdbcf29fd2646 wrae130.pdf Title: Distinctive chemotactic responses of three marine herbivore protists to DMSP and related compounds Subject: DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae130, The ISME Journal, 18(1), 00, 12 7 2024. Abstract: Marine planktonic predator–prey interactions occur in microscale seascapes, where diffusing chemicals may act either as chemotactic cues that enhance or arrest predation, or as elemental resources that are complementary to prey ingestion. The phytoplankton osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its degradation products dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylate are pervasive compounds with high chemotactic potential, but there is a longstanding controversy over whether they act as grazing enhancers or deterrents. Here, we investigated the chemotactic responses of three herbivorous dinoflagellates to point-sourced, microscale gradients of dissolved DMSP, DMS, and acrylate. We found no evidence for acrylate being a chemotactic repellent and observed a weak attractor role of DMS. DMSP behaved as a strong chemoattractor whose potential for grazing facilitation through effects on swimming patterns and aggregation depends on the grazer’s feeding mode and ability to incorporate DMSP. Our study reveals that predation models will fail to predict grazing impacts unless they incorporate chemotaxis-driven searching and finding of prey. Keywords: Author: Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: Acrobat Distiller 23.0 (Windows); modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XT CreationDate: Sun Jul 21 08:28:41 2024 CEST ModDate: Mon Jun 30 13:17:06 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.26 x 782.337 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 2146306 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CLJHGH+MTSYN Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 181 0 CLJGKL+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 182 0 CLJGIL+CaeciliaLTStd-Light Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 183 0 CLJGGK+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 184 0 CLJGDL+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 185 0 AXESPD+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 186 0 CLJGDK+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 187 0 RWVUWS+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 1 0 CLJIID+MTMI Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 255 0 CLJICE+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 256 0 AXESPD+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 298 0 CLJLED+BLEX Type 1C Custom yes yes no 299 0 CLKELK+CaeciliaLTStd-BoldItalic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 367 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-07-01 02:08:57 CEST RepresentationInformation: wrae130.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-06-30 13:47:37 CEST Size: 2146306 Format: PDF Version: 1.4 Status: Well-Formed, but not valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul ErrorMessage: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'myrefsref19' cannot be found ID: PDF-HUL-149 ErrorMessage: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'reciaff2' cannot be found ID: PDF-HUL-149 ErrorMessage: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'myrefsref20' cannot be found ID: PDF-HUL-149 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'myrefsref20' cannot be found ID: PDF-HUL-122 Offset: 1913374 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'reciaff2' cannot be found ID: PDF-HUL-122 Offset: 1913374 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'myrefsref19' cannot be found ID: PDF-HUL-122 Offset: 1913374 MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: Tagged PDF PDFMetadata: Objects: 3328 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Language: en Outlines: Item: Title: Distinctive chemotactic responses of three marine herbivore protists to DMSP and related compounds Destination: toc.chapter Children: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.24.1.1 Item: Title: Materials and methods Destination: section.31.1.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.41.1.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.48.1.4 Item: Title: Acknowledgements Destination: section.49.1.5 Item: Title: Author contributions Destination: section.50.1.6 Item: Title: Supplementary material Destination: section.51.1.7 Item: Title: Conflicts of interest Destination: section.52.1.8 Item: Title: Funding Destination: section.53.1.9 Item: Title: Data availability Destination: section.54.1.10 Info: Title: Distinctive chemotactic responses of three marine herbivore protists to DMSP and related compounds Author: Subject: DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae130, The ISME Journal, 18(1), 00, 12 7 2024. Abstract: Marine planktonic predator prey interactions occur in microscale seascapes, where diffusing chemicals may act either as chemotactic cues that enhance or arrest predation, or as elemental resources that are complementary to prey ingestion. The phytoplankton osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its degradation products dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylate are pervasive compounds with high chemotactic potential, but there is a longstanding controversy over whether they act as grazing enhancers or deterrents. Here, we investigated the chemotactic responses of three herbivorous dinoflagellates to point-sourced, microscale gradients of dissolved DMSP, DMS, and acrylate. We found no evidence for acrylate being a chemotactic repellent and observed a weak attractor role of DMS. DMSP behaved as a strong chemoattractor whose potential for grazing facilitation through effects on swimming patterns and aggregation depends on the grazer’s feeding mode and ability to incorporate DMSP. Our study reveals that predation models will fail to predict grazing impacts unless they incorporate chemotaxis-driven searching and finding of prey. Keywords: Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: Acrobat Distiller 23.0 (Windows); modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XT CreationDate: Sun Jul 21 08:58:41 CEST 2024 ModDate: Mon Jun 30 13:17:06 CEST 2025 ID: 0x71d1df2598b0d8b7b9f9d9352ad91372, 0x8182e6751394e37c8fd26f00c3b00c1d Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode FilterPipeline: CCITTFaxDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 854 ImageHeight: 2485 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1975 ImageHeight: 1972 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 10 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 10 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 26 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 26 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 26 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 10 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 10 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 10 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 10 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 10 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 10 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 70 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 284 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/tiff CompressionScheme: CCITT Group 4 ImageWidth: 92 ImageHeight: 53 BitsPerSample: 1 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer ImageMask: true Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 27 ImageHeight: 50 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 32 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 29 ImageHeight: 26 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 284 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 284 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 288 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 51 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 19 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1950 ImageHeight: 1630 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1700 ImageHeight: 1116 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: CLJICE+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJICE+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic FontBBox: -166, -267, 1033, 909 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CLJHGH+MTSYN FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 215 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJHGH+MTSYN Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 0, -954, 1043, 900 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CLJGKL+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 124 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJGKL+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Flags: Serif, Symbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -170, -277, 1146, 970 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CLJGIL+CaeciliaLTStd-Light FontSubset: true FirstChar: 37 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJGIL+CaeciliaLTStd-Light Flags: Serif, Symbolic FontBBox: -164, -266, 1130, 908 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CLJGGK+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJGGK+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic FontBBox: -166, -270, 1053, 915 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CLJGDL+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJGDL+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman Flags: Serif, Symbolic FontBBox: -167, -270, 1136, 926 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CLJGDK+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 133 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJGDK+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Flags: Serif, Symbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -166, -273, 1141, 938 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CLJLED+BLEX FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 4 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJLED+BLEX Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 13, -2354, 997, 46 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: CLJIID+MTMI FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 181 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLJIID+MTMI Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic FontBBox: 0, -213, 987, 680 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: CLKELK+CaeciliaLTStd-BoldItalic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 73 LastChar: 120 FontDescriptor: FontName: CLKELK+CaeciliaLTStd-BoldItalic Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic, ForceBold FontBBox: -169, -273, 1082, 932 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true TrueType: Font: BaseFont: RWVUWS+ArialMT FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: RWVUWS+ArialMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -664, -324, 2000, 1039 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: AXESPD+ArialMT FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 32 FontDescriptor: FontName: AXESPD+ArialMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -664, -324, 2000, 1039 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: AXESPD+ArialMT FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 32 FontDescriptor: FontName: AXESPD+ArialMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -664, -324, 2000, 1039 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding XMP: application/pdf Distinctive chemotactic responses of three marine herbivore protists to DMSP and related compounds Zanoli Medea Tuval Idan Calbet Albert Simó Rafel DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae130, The ISME Journal, 18(1), 00, 12 7 2024. Abstract: Marine planktonic predator–prey interactions occur in microscale seascapes, where diffusing chemicals may act either as chemotactic cues that enhance or arrest predation, or as elemental resources that are complementary to prey ingestion. The phytoplankton osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its degradation products dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylate are pervasive compounds with high chemotactic potential, but there is a longstanding controversy over whether they act as grazing enhancers or deterrents. Here, we investigated the chemotactic responses of three herbivorous dinoflagellates to point-sourced, microscale gradients of dissolved DMSP, DMS, and acrylate. We found no evidence for acrylate being a chemotactic repellent and observed a weak attractor role of DMS. DMSP behaved as a strong chemoattractor whose potential for grazing facilitation through effects on swimming patterns and aggregation depends on the grazer’s feeding mode and ability to incorporate DMSP. Our study reveals that predation models will fail to predict grazing impacts unless they incorporate chemotaxis-driven searching and finding of prey. chemotaxis Oxyrrhis Gyrodinium Karlodinium DMSP DMS acrylate grazing microzooplankton capillary assays © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Microbial Ecology. True 2024-07-21T11:58:41+05:30 LaTeX with hyperref package 2025-06-30T11:17:06+00:00 2025-06-30T11:17:06+00:00 Acrobat Distiller 23.0 (Windows); modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XT 1.5 uuid:3e0a5441-67fc-4191-8687-918043e95436 uuid:40450212-b6c6-4a0a-a8ea-ebe6726aa255 Pages: Page: Label: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 383, 47, 407, 54 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 47, 465, 54 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 47, 478, 54 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 47, 506, 54 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 47, 527, 54 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 128, 612, 131, 616 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 133, 612, 136, 616 Destination: null Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 612, 195, 616 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 612, 243, 616 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 297, 612, 300, 616 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 346, 612, 349, 616 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 608, 354, 614 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 594, 50, 597 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 585, 50, 588 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 576, 50, 579 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 561, 50, 566 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 69, 550, 126, 556 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 69, 550, 106, 556 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 106, 550, 119, 556 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 119, 550, 126, 556 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 50, 306, 54, 311 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 58, 305, 63, 311 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 284, 126, 289 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 130, 284, 135, 289 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 50, 273, 54, 278 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 60, 273, 65, 278 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 178, 273, 182, 278 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 273, 192, 278 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 98, 218, 103, 223 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 174, 185, 178, 190 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 182, 185, 187, 190 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 122, 108, 127, 114 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 97, 97, 106, 103 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 371, 431, 377 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 371, 445, 377 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 450, 371, 458, 377 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 523, 349, 532, 355 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 338, 429, 344 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 524, 327, 533, 333 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 327, 548, 333 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 527, 305, 535, 311 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 306, 548, 311 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 273, 410, 278 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 273, 422, 278 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 251, 430, 256 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 435, 251, 444, 256 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 476, 229, 484, 234 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 490, 229, 499, 234 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 207, 347, 212 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 523, 185, 532, 190 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 141, 460, 147 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 119, 511, 125 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 385, 108, 394, 114 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 97, 387, 103 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 97, 400, 103 Destination: 196 Page: Label: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 110, 722, 119, 727 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 123, 722, 132, 727 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 44, 700, 53, 705 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 700, 222, 705 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 645, 206, 651 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 645, 220, 651 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 44, 612, 53, 618 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 58, 612, 67, 618 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 83, 569, 87, 574 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 162, 558, 171, 563 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 175, 558, 183, 563 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 558, 196, 563 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 212, 525, 221, 530 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 525, 233, 530 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 525, 245, 530 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 503, 269, 508 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 503, 282, 508 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 91, 481, 100, 486 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 459, 249, 464 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 459, 265, 464 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 459, 280, 464 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 437, 244, 442 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 248, 437, 257, 442 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 261, 437, 270, 442 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 70, 415, 79, 421 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 82, 415, 91, 421 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 128, 404, 137, 410 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 393, 111, 399 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 138, 338, 147, 344 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 150, 338, 159, 344 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 44, 295, 53, 300 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 255, 295, 264, 300 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 168, 284, 177, 289 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 159, 273, 163, 278 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 167, 273, 175, 278 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 273, 188, 278 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 191, 273, 200, 278 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 203, 273, 212, 278 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 251, 271, 256 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 257, 229, 265, 234 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 150, 218, 159, 223 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 133, 196, 142, 201 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 146, 196, 154, 201 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 339, 722, 347, 727 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 588, 594, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 459, 536, 467, 541 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 525, 314, 530 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 459, 525, 468, 530 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 473, 525, 482, 530 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 391, 498, 399 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 379, 194, 403, 202 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 172, 414, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 414, 172, 473, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 172, 511, 180 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 95, 341, 103 Destination: 190 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 364, 62, 389, 70 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 415, 63, 436, 70 Destination: 190 Page: Label: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 383, 569, 422, 577 Destination: 190 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 447, 550, 455 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 436, 403, 444 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 381, 487, 389 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 439, 348, 534, 356 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 350, 548, 356 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 343, 229, 352, 234 Destination: 793 Page: Label: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 92, 140, 197, 148 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 140, 296, 148 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 43, 542, 49 Destination: 196 Page: Label: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 722, 222, 727 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 506, 287, 515 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 197, 498, 205, 503 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 498, 220, 503 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 50, 454, 54, 459 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 454, 61, 459 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 454, 71, 459 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 79, 452, 184, 460 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 452, 272, 460 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 101, 430, 125, 438 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 50, 282, 81, 290 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 142, 216, 178, 224 Destination: 190 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 216, 285, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 92, 194, 128, 202 Destination: 190 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 150, 194, 233, 202 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 139, 289, 147 Destination: 190 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 366, 632, 450, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 599, 441, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 601, 454, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 486, 577, 506, 586 Destination: 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 534, 406, 542 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 412, 536, 421, 541 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 542, 393, 550, 399 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 382, 318, 388 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 349, 320, 432, 328 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 346, 276, 365, 284 Destination: 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 265, 479, 273 Destination: 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 243, 530, 251 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 221, 366, 229 Destination: 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 199, 534, 207 Destination: 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 188, 393, 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 95, 545, 103 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 84, 516, 92 Destination: 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 51, 501, 59 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 529, 51, 548, 59 Destination: 192 Page: Label: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 381, 314, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 383, 326, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 351, 185, 359 Destination: 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 169, 329, 263, 337 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 331, 280, 337 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 181, 307, 201, 315 Destination: 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 161, 267, 169 Destination: 193 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 150, 125, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 44, 117, 128, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 257, 62, 280, 70 Destination: 193 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 51, 40, 75, 49 Destination: 193 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 96, 40, 187, 49 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 40, 278, 49 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 340, 379, 348 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 263, 502, 271 Destination: 193 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 491, 187, 515, 195 Destination: 193 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 51, 407, 59 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 487, 53, 496, 59 Destination: 793 Page: Label: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 182, 121, 201, 129 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 475, 221, 483, 227 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 221, 497, 227 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 394, 188, 403, 194 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 188, 415, 194 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 188, 428, 194 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 496, 155, 505, 161 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 155, 518, 161 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 123, 380, 128 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 541, 122, 550, 128 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 485, 90, 494, 95 Destination: 793 Page: Label: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 44, 395, 53, 400 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 97, 362, 101, 368 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 107, 362, 115, 368 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 362, 129, 368 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 362, 143, 368 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 125, 285, 133, 291 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 285, 195, 291 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 285, 207, 291 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 242, 148, 247 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 136, 187, 144, 192 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 44, 154, 53, 159 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 154, 65, 159 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 226, 110, 235, 115 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 44, 77, 53, 83 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 77, 67, 83 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 74, 77, 82, 83 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 77, 195, 83 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 77, 210, 83 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 102, 66, 107, 72 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 111, 66, 119, 72 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 123, 66, 132, 72 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 318, 412, 324 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 418, 318, 427, 324 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 307, 338, 313 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 252, 442, 258 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 540, 242, 544, 247 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 231, 311, 236 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 88, 504, 94 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 44, 455, 50 Destination: 794 Page: Label: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 150, 711, 154, 716 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 689, 208, 695 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 172, 568, 181, 574 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 568, 196, 574 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 382, 200, 388 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 204, 382, 213, 388 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 112, 316, 121, 322 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 316, 237, 322 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 241, 207, 249, 212 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 185, 198, 190 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 185, 210, 190 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 185, 223, 190 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 248, 130, 256, 136 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 130, 271, 136 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 108, 204, 114 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 141, 97, 150, 103 Destination: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 722, 320, 727 Destination: 793 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 722, 548, 727 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 678, 507, 684 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 341, 656, 350, 662 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 400, 612, 409, 618 Destination: 794 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 325, 401, 334 Page: Label: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 52, 698, 80, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 80, 698, 108, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 698, 123, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 123, 698, 176, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 698, 207, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 698, 224, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 698, 256, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 698, 272, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 698, 279, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 687, 59, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 687, 80, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 80, 687, 103, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 687, 122, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 122, 687, 149, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 87, 654, 115, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 115, 654, 141, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 141, 654, 160, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 160, 654, 197, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 197, 654, 246, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 654, 297, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 643, 50, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 50, 643, 75, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 632, 154, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 154, 632, 180, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 180, 632, 199, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 632, 236, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 632, 285, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 621, 92, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 92, 621, 122, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 122, 621, 147, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 599, 220, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 599, 241, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 241, 599, 257, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 257, 599, 274, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 599, 285, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 588, 53, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 53, 588, 78, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 78, 588, 107, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 107, 588, 120, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 120, 588, 153, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 536, 52, 541 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 523, 227, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 523, 240, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 523, 285, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 512, 103, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 503, 52, 508 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 479, 227, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 479, 240, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 479, 285, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 468, 125, 476 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 459, 52, 464 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 124, 446, 151, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 151, 446, 164, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 164, 446, 208, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 446, 266, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 437, 52, 442 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 85, 413, 112, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 112, 413, 125, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 413, 170, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 170, 413, 232, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 404, 52, 409 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 107, 380, 134, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 134, 380, 147, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 147, 380, 191, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 191, 380, 252, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 371, 52, 376 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 336, 84, 344 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 84, 336, 97, 344 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 97, 336, 141, 344 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 141, 336, 202, 344 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 327, 52, 333 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 304, 227, 311 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 304, 240, 311 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 304, 285, 311 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 293, 102, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 284, 52, 289 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 260, 223, 267 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 260, 236, 267 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 260, 280, 267 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 280, 260, 285, 267 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 249, 115, 257 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 46, 240, 52, 245 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 216, 153, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 216, 166, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 216, 211, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 216, 238, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 207, 52, 212 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 194, 272, 202 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 194, 285, 202 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 183, 101, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 101, 183, 174, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 174, 52, 179 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 161, 272, 169 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 161, 285, 169 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 150, 101, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 101, 150, 111, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 111, 150, 142, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 142, 150, 147, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 141, 52, 146 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 117, 227, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 117, 240, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 117, 285, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 106, 88, 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 88, 106, 168, 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 97, 52, 103 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 73, 175, 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 175, 73, 189, 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 189, 73, 233, 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 73, 274, 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 73, 285, 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 62, 88, 70 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 53, 52, 59 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 720, 533, 728 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 720, 546, 728 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 709, 363, 717 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 709, 420, 717 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 700, 313, 705 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 676, 533, 684 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 676, 546, 684 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 665, 363, 673 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 665, 435, 673 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 656, 313, 661 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 361, 621, 388, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 621, 401, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 621, 446, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 621, 497, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 621, 518, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 612, 313, 618 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 578, 488, 585 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 578, 502, 585 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 578, 546, 585 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 567, 386, 574 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 558, 313, 563 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 545, 546, 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 534, 331, 541 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 331, 534, 376, 541 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 534, 421, 541 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 525, 313, 530 Destination: null Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 501, 533, 509 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 501, 546, 509 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 490, 363, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 490, 423, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 481, 313, 486 Destination: null Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 446, 403, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 446, 417, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 446, 461, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 461, 446, 495, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 437, 313, 442 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 413, 533, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 413, 546, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 402, 363, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 402, 399, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 393, 313, 398 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 369, 345, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 369, 358, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 369, 403, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 369, 444, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 369, 455, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 455, 369, 481, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 481, 369, 486, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 360, 313, 366 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 336, 533, 344 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 336, 546, 344 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 325, 379, 333 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 379, 325, 414, 333 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 316, 313, 322 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 293, 472, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 472, 293, 485, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 485, 293, 546, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 282, 353, 289 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 273, 313, 278 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 249, 533, 257 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 249, 546, 257 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 238, 363, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 238, 391, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 238, 421, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 229, 313, 234 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 205, 345, 213 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 205, 358, 213 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 205, 403, 213 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 205, 475, 213 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 196, 313, 201 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 161, 422, 169 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 161, 435, 169 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 435, 161, 539, 169 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 152, 313, 157 Destination: 44 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 117, 345, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 117, 358, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 117, 403, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 117, 458, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 108, 313, 113 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 73, 533, 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 73, 546, 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 62, 363, 70 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 62, 423, 70 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 53, 313, 59 Destination: 188 Page: Label: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 720, 291, 728 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 709, 76, 717 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 76, 709, 121, 717 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 709, 189, 717 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 700, 58, 705 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 676, 278, 684 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 278, 676, 291, 684 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 665, 108, 673 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 665, 169, 673 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 656, 58, 661 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 180, 632, 207, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 632, 220, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 632, 265, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 632, 291, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 621, 88, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 612, 58, 618 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 117, 578, 144, 585 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 144, 578, 157, 585 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 157, 578, 202, 585 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 578, 228, 585 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 578, 252, 585 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 568, 58, 574 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 92, 556, 119, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 119, 556, 132, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 132, 556, 176, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 556, 244, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 244, 556, 248, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 547, 58, 552 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 523, 233, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 523, 247, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 247, 523, 291, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 512, 154, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 503, 58, 508 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 490, 278, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 278, 490, 291, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 479, 108, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 479, 165, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 470, 58, 475 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 446, 291, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 435, 76, 443 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 76, 435, 121, 443 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 435, 157, 443 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 426, 58, 431 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 413, 291, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 402, 76, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 76, 402, 121, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 402, 159, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 393, 58, 398 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 88, 369, 114, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 114, 369, 128, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 128, 369, 172, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 172, 369, 223, 377 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 360, 58, 366 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 325, 148, 333 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 325, 161, 333 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 161, 325, 206, 333 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 206, 325, 232, 333 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 232, 325, 257, 333 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 316, 58, 322 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 92, 293, 119, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 119, 293, 132, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 132, 293, 176, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 293, 248, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 284, 58, 289 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 260, 278, 267 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 278, 260, 291, 267 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 249, 108, 257 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 249, 180, 257 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 240, 58, 245 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 227, 291, 235 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 216, 76, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 76, 216, 121, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 216, 181, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 207, 58, 212 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 183, 90, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 90, 183, 103, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 183, 169, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 174, 58, 179 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 150, 229, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 150, 242, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 242, 150, 287, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 287, 150, 291, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 139, 129, 147 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 130, 58, 135 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 106, 291, 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 95, 76, 103 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 76, 95, 121, 103 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 95, 157, 103 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 86, 58, 92 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 62, 90, 70 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 90, 62, 103, 70 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 62, 148, 70 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 62, 215, 70 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 215, 62, 220, 70 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 722, 319, 727 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 698, 552, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 687, 338, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 687, 382, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 687, 450, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 678, 319, 683 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 654, 552, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 643, 338, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 643, 382, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 643, 454, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 634, 319, 640 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 610, 552, 618 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 599, 338, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 599, 382, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 599, 427, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 590, 319, 596 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 468, 567, 495, 574 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 567, 508, 574 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 508, 567, 552, 574 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 556, 351, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 556, 375, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 547, 319, 552 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 512, 351, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 512, 365, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 365, 512, 409, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 512, 454, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 503, 319, 508 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 457, 384, 465 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 384, 457, 397, 465 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 397, 457, 442, 465 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 442, 457, 483, 465 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 483, 457, 493, 465 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 493, 457, 524, 465 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 448, 319, 453 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 424, 454, 432 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 424, 467, 432 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 467, 424, 511, 432 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 511, 424, 552, 432 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 415, 319, 420 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 386, 380, 413, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 380, 426, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 380, 546, 388 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 371, 319, 376 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 347, 539, 355 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 347, 552, 355 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 336, 433, 344 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 327, 319, 333 Destination: 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 304, 539, 311 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 304, 552, 311 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 293, 398, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 284, 319, 289 Destination: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 262, 319, 267 Destination: 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 468, 238, 495, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 238, 508, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 508, 238, 552, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 227, 410, 235 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 227, 414, 235 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 218, 319, 223 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 349, 183, 376, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 183, 389, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 389, 183, 433, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 183, 494, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 174, 319, 179 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 387, 150, 414, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 414, 150, 427, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 150, 497, 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 141, 319, 146 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 128, 351, 136 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 128, 365, 136 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 365, 128, 470, 136 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 119, 319, 124 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 95, 539, 103 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 95, 552, 103 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 84, 369, 92 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 84, 410, 92 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 84, 421, 92 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 421, 84, 452, 92 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 75, 319, 81 Destination: 194 Page: Label: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 720, 227, 728 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 720, 240, 728 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 720, 285, 728 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 709, 97, 717 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 700, 52, 705 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 687, 227, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 687, 240, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 687, 285, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 676, 88, 684 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 88, 676, 112, 684 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 667, 52, 672 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 643, 272, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 643, 285, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 632, 101, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 101, 632, 162, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 623, 52, 629 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 599, 227, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 599, 240, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 599, 285, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 588, 83, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 83, 588, 108, 596 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 579, 52, 585 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 81, 556, 108, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 556, 121, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 556, 166, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 556, 192, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 556, 216, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 547, 52, 552 Destination: 194 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 512, 84, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 84, 512, 97, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 97, 512, 141, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 141, 512, 202, 520 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 503, 52, 508 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 490, 227, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 490, 240, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 490, 285, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 479, 125, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 41, 470, 52, 475 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 446, 227, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 446, 240, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 446, 285, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 57, 435, 61, 443 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 61, 435, 133, 443 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 722, 313, 727 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 698, 533, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 698, 546, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 687, 363, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 687, 424, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 678, 313, 683 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 654, 533, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 654, 546, 662 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 643, 363, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 643, 422, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 634, 313, 640 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 590, 313, 596 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 567, 374, 574 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 374, 567, 387, 574 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 387, 567, 431, 574 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 567, 492, 574 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 558, 313, 563 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 523, 345, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 523, 358, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 523, 403, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 523, 471, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 523, 475, 530 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 514, 313, 519 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 490, 488, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 490, 502, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 490, 546, 498 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 479, 390, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 470, 313, 475 Destination: 195 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 438, 446, 576, 454 Checksum: d6aca329 Type: CRC32 Checksum: a4aa07c1405963f12510cc0a7648e5a0 Type: MD5 Checksum: 2143c2f3ab4a9eb8214c0236b73841001ae24e4c Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 396361a3b8ccf5e5a17aa9b462ff41ecd99c1e7a877b4dab8a4bdbcf29fd2646 Type: SHA-256