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Sci. 3:1435200. doi: 10.3389/flang.2024.1435200 Keywords: HL schooling; HL home language use; parental attitudes; parental proficiency; vocabulary; syntax; Mandarin Author: Evangelia Daskalaki Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package + hypdvips Producer: dvips + MiKTeX GPL Ghostscript 9.0 CreationDate: Tue Sep 10 04:08:43 2024 CEST ModDate: Tue Sep 10 05:32:46 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.26 x 842.116 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 774522 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.6 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YSHDOJ+MuseoSans-700 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 61 0 VWWYUH+MuseoSans-300 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 64 0 PPTMPZ+MuseoSans-300Italic Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 77 0 TOJBJC+MinionPro-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 80 0 KAZCRH+MuseoSans-500 Type 1C Custom 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CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Language: en Outlines: Item: Title: The role of parental characteristics, home language use, and schooling in children's Mandarin heritage language development in Canada Destination: ariclecounter.1 Children: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section*.2 Children: Item: Title: Heritage language experiences in the home Destination: section*.3 Item: Title: Heritage language experiences at school Destination: section*.4 Item: Title: The role of parental attitudes and proficiency Destination: section*.5 Children: Item: Title: Parental attitudes toward the HL Destination: section*.6 Item: Title: Parental HL/ML proficiency Destination: section*.7 Item: Title: Wh-questions in Mandarin Chinese Destination: section*.8 Item: Title: The structural properties of wh-questions in Mandarin Chinese and English Destination: section*.9 Item: Title: The acquisition of wh-questions Destination: section*.10 Item: Title: Present study Destination: section*.11 Item: Title: Methods Destination: section*.12 Children: Item: Title: Participants Destination: section*.13 Children: Item: Title: Parents Destination: section*.14 Item: Title: Children Destination: section*.15 Item: Title: Tasks Destination: section*.16 Children: Item: Title: Parental questionnaire Destination: section*.17 Item: Title: Vocabulary task Destination: section*.18 Item: Title: Elicited production task Destination: section*.19 Item: Title: Procedures Destination: section*.20 Children: Item: Title: Testing Destination: section*.21 Item: Title: Coding Destination: section*.22 Item: Title: Ethics Destination: section*.23 Item: Title: Data analysis Destination: section*.24 Item: Title: Results Destination: section*.25 Children: Item: Title: The association between home language use and parental characteristics Destination: section*.26 Item: Title: The association between school type and parental characteristics Destination: section*.27 Item: Title: The effect of Mandarin use (at home and at school) on Mandarin vocabulary and Mandarin syntax (wh-interrogatives) Destination: section*.28 Children: Item: Title: Vocabulary Destination: section*.29 Item: Title: Syntax Destination: section*.30 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section*.31 Children: Item: Title: The association between parental characteristics and children's language experiences Destination: section*.32 Children: Item: Title: The association between parental characteristics and home language use Destination: section*.33 Item: Title: The association between parental characteristics and school type Destination: section*.34 Item: Title: The association between children's language experiences and children's language abilities Destination: section*.35 Children: Item: Title: The association between children's language experiences and children's vocabulary Destination: section*.36 Item: Title: The association between children's language experiences and children's syntax (wh-interrogatives) Destination: section*.37 Item: Title: The effect of age-related variables Destination: section*.38 Item: Title: Conclusions and implications Destination: section*.39 Children: Item: Title: Limitations Destination: section*.40 Item: Title: Data availability statement Destination: section*.41 Item: Title: Ethics statement Destination: section*.42 Item: Title: Author contributions Destination: section*.43 Item: Title: Funding Destination: section*.44 Item: Title: Acknowledgments Destination: section*.45 Item: Title: Conflict of interest Destination: section*.46 Item: Title: Publisher's note Destination: section*.47 Item: Title: Supplementary material Destination: section*.48 Item: Title: References Destination: section*.49 Info: Title: The role of parental characteristics, home language use, and schooling in children's Mandarin heritage language development in Canada Author: Evangelia Daskalaki Subject: Daskalaki E, Soto-Corominas A, Xia VY and Paradis J (2024) The role of parental characteristics, home language use, and schooling in children's Mandarin heritage language development in Canada. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Daskalaki E, Soto-Corominas A, Xia VY and Paradis J (2024) The role of parental characteristics, home language use, and schooling in children's Mandarin heritage language development in Canada. Front. Lang. Sci. 3:1435200. doi: 10.3389/flang.2024.1435200 Evangelia Daskalaki Adriana Soto-Corominas Vera Yunxiao Xia Johanne Paradis The role of parental characteristics, home language use, and schooling in children's Mandarin heritage language development in Canada HL schooling HL home language use parental attitudes parental proficiency vocabulary syntax Mandarin True https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/copyright-statement 2024-09-10T07:38:43+05:30 LaTeX with hyperref package + hypdvips 2024-09-10T09:02:46+05:30 2024-09-10T09:02:46+05:30 HL schooling; HL home language use; parental attitudes; parental proficiency; vocabulary; syntax; Mandarin dvips + MiKTeX GPL Ghostscript 9.0 uuid:34fb9c39-a712-41d6-9315-b893e6d65fc6 uuid:bedcd830-fce3-482c-997c-a0bb26382baf Pages: Page: Label: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 790, 261, 806 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 457, 800, 515, 808 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 791, 483, 799 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 483, 791, 520, 799 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Rect: 356, 716, 407, 728 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 716, 428, 728 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 704, 439, 716 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 441, 704, 460, 716 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 668, 544, 680 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 656, 322, 668 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 494, 632, 328, 632 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 620, 349, 632 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 393, 524, 481, 536 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 484, 524, 503, 536 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 464, 420, 476 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 464, 443, 476 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 33, 148, 41 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 33, 546, 41 Page: Label: 9 Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 799, 546, 807 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 109, 563, 137, 571 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 94, 443, 122, 451 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 487, 419, 514, 427 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 278, 387, 290 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 389, 278, 409, 290 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 266, 370, 278 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 373, 266, 392, 278 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 104, 385, 114 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 33, 148, 41 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 33, 546, 41 Page: Label: 10 Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 799, 546, 807 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 344, 466, 372, 475 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 490, 380, 522, 390 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 82, 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Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 33, 148, 41 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 33, 546, 41 Page: Label: 13 Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 799, 546, 807 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 752, 291, 764 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 51, 740, 71, 752 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 93, 740, 204, 752 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 740, 227, 752 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 189, 591, 233, 603 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 591, 260, 603 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 591, 77, 591 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 80, 579, 99, 591 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 579, 161, 591 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 579, 184, 591 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 189, 322, 218, 334 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 322, 241, 334 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 79, 262, 137, 274 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 262, 160, 274 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 178, 289, 190 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 166, 67, 178 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 356, 513, 445, 524 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 48, 33, 148, 41 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 33, 546, 41 Page: Label: 14 Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 799, 546, 807 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 547, 582, 302, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 60, 486, 150, 493 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 206, 365, 267, 373 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 87, 338, 177, 345 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 60, 282, 143, 289 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 60, 245, 140, 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 205, 227, 288, 234 Annotation: 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