4ac1c8dbcf5e7fd0815f597a9bbb7767 biomedicines-12-02270.pdf 0cdbcb581496102bf67a70493f44536a593b4f00 biomedicines-12-02270.pdf 5c498bc193ecc6d44c807c85c0f7f73717d76ebb99c8b5d8e96ebcc4e78eb0e2 biomedicines-12-02270.pdf Title: Genetic and Neurodevelopmental Markers in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: Analysis of the Combined Role of the CNR1 Gene and Dermatoglyphics Subject: Background: Dermatoglyphic pattern deviances have been associated with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and are considered neurodevelopment vulnerability markers based on the shared ectodermal origin of the epidermis and the central nervous system. The endocannabinoid system participates in epidermal differentiation, is sensitive to prenatal insults and is associated with SSD. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether the Cannabinoid Receptor 1 gene (CNR1) modulates the dermatoglyphics–SSD association. Methods: In a sample of 112 controls and 97 patients with SSD, three dermatoglyphic markers were assessed: the total palmar a-b ridge count (TABRC), the a-b ridge count fluctuating asymmetry (ABRC-FA), and the pattern intensity index (PII). Two CNR1 polymorphisms were genotyped: rs2023239-T/C and rs806379-A/T. We tested: (i) the CNR1 association with SSD and dermatoglyphic variability within groups; and (ii) the CNR1 dermatoglyphic measures interaction on SSD susceptibility. Results: Both polymorphisms were associated with SSD. The polymorphism rs2023239 modulated the relationship between PII and SSD: a high PII score was associated with a lower SSD risk within C-allele carriers and a higher SSD risk within TT-homozygotes. This result indicates an inverse relationship between the PII and the SSD predicted probability conditional to the rs2023239 genotype. Conclusions: These novel findings suggest the endocannabinoid system’s role in the development and variability of dermatoglyphic patterns. The identified interaction encourages combining genetic and dermatoglyphics to assess neurodevelopmental alterations predisposing to SSD in future studies. Keywords: schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; endocannabinoid system; CNR1; dermatoglyphics; neurodevelopmental biomarkers Author: Maria Guardiola-Ripoll, Alejandro Sotero-Moreno, Boris Chaumette, Oussama Kebir, Noemí Hostalet, Carmen Almodóvar-Payá, Mónica Moreira, Maria Giralt-López, Marie-Odile Krebs and Mar Fatjó-Vilas Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Mon Oct 7 10:21:47 2024 CEST ModDate: Mon Oct 7 10:24:19 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1073408 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PRJKGQ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 ZRLSIH+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 CBBMJN+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 ZLCNZW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 VRJGSM+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 IKAMBL+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 37 0 XXKMJB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 42 0 EBFBTV+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 58 0 JXPXXJ+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 78 0 GBNGBJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 93 0 GBNGCK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 96 0 GBNGCL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 102 0 GBNGCN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 105 0 GBNGPL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 108 0 GBNGBJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 131 0 GBNGCK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 134 0 GBNGCL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 140 0 GBNGCN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 GBNGPL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 146 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-10-22 04:00:28 CEST RepresentationInformation: biomedicines-12-02270.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-10-21 19:58:09 CEST Size: 1073408 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 403 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Sample Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Genotyping Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Dermatoglyphics Assessment Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Dermatoglyphic Assessment Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Case-Control Genetic Association Analyses Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: CNR1 Genotypes Effect on Dermatoglyphic Patterns Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Genetic and Neurodevelopmental Markers in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: Analysis of the Combined Role of the CNR1 Gene and Dermatoglyphics Author: Maria Guardiola-Ripoll, Alejandro Sotero-Moreno, Boris Chaumette, Oussama Kebir, Noemí Hostalet, Carmen Almodóvar-Payá, Mónica Moreira, Maria Giralt-López, Marie-Odile Krebs and Mar Fatjó-Vilas Subject: Background: Dermatoglyphic pattern deviances have been associated with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and are considered neurodevelopment vulnerability markers based on the shared ectodermal origin of the epidermis and the central nervous system. The endocannabinoid system participates in epidermal differentiation, is sensitive to prenatal insults and is associated with SSD. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether the Cannabinoid Receptor 1 gene (CNR1) modulates the dermatoglyphics SSD association. Methods: In a sample of 112 controls and 97 patients with SSD, three dermatoglyphic markers were assessed: the total palmar a-b ridge count (TABRC), the a-b ridge count fluctuating asymmetry (ABRC-FA), and the pattern intensity index (PII). Two CNR1 polymorphisms were genotyped: rs2023239-T/C and rs806379-A/T. We tested: (i) the CNR1 association with SSD and dermatoglyphic variability within groups; and (ii) the CNR1 dermatoglyphic measures interaction on SSD susceptibility. Results: Both polymorphisms were associated with SSD. The polymorphism rs2023239 modulated the relationship between PII and SSD: a high PII score was associated with a lower SSD risk within C-allele carriers and a higher SSD risk within TT-homozygotes. This result indicates an inverse relationship between the PII and the SSD predicted probability conditional to the rs2023239 genotype. Conclusions: These novel findings suggest the endocannabinoid system’s role in the development and variability of dermatoglyphic patterns. The identified interaction encourages combining genetic and dermatoglyphics to assess neurodevelopmental alterations predisposing to SSD in future studies. 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