65a9a9eaaa19cfdad676261a854595e9 biosensors-14-00382.pdf 7417e99fb75f5d648127d1cd5718270e6b204076 biosensors-14-00382.pdf 57727043ca1b60fb4d6041aa9e03e664cbc42a75c18d2fd3a71bdb487c937ad6 biosensors-14-00382.pdf Title: Electrical Conductivity Measurement in Human Liver Tissue: Assessment on Normal vs. Tumor Tissue and under In Vivo vs. Ex Vivo Conditions Subject: Background: This study evaluated electrical conductivity in human liver tissue in the 3–1000 kHz frequency range to compare normal versus tumor tissues under in vivo versus ex vivo conditions. Methods: Previous informed consent was obtained from twenty patients undergoing liver resection in whom liver electrical conductivity was measured during surgery and after resection. Result: We found higher electrical conductivity values in tumor tissues than in normal tissue in both in vivo (0.41 0.10 vs. 0.13 0.06 S/m) and ex vivo (0.27 0.09 vs. 0.12 0.07 S/m) conditions (at 3 kHz). The electric properties also showed a promising potential for distinguishing between different tissue types including metastasis, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic cirrhosis, and normal liver (both in vivo and ex vivo). At 3 kHz, in vivo electrical conductivity for cholangiocarcinoma, HCC, and metastasis were 0.35, 0.42 0.13, and 0.41 0.08 S/m, respectively, which differed significantly from each other (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings could potentially improve liver disease diagnostics through electrical conductivity measurements and treatment techniques involving electric fields. Future research should focus on expanding the sample size to refine the categorization and comparison processes across diverse human liver tissue types. Keywords: electrical conductivity; ex vivo; human liver; in vivo; tumor Author: Amirhossein Sarreshtehdari, Tomás García-Sánchez, Patricia Sánchez-Velázquez, Benedetto Ielpo, Enrique Berjano, María Villamonte, Xavier Moll and Fernando Burdio Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Aug 8 08:07:30 2024 CEST ModDate: Thu Aug 8 08:09:58 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1963766 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SSNIUI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 JSZLFG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 CAQOEK+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 WNJGRV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 DYUFJK+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 32 0 TOZXSU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 37 0 YHYESE+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 53 0 GIIJWT+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 73 0 OACIIH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 81 0 OACIII+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 84 0 OACIIJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 90 0 OACIJL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 93 0 OACIPJ+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 96 0 OACIIH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 OACIII+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 110 0 OACIIJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 116 0 OACIJL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 119 0 OACIPJ+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 122 0 GIGFZE+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 133 0 OACIIH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 141 0 OACIII+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 144 0 OACIIJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 OACIJL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 OACKLP+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 156 0 OACIIH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 170 0 OACIIJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 173 0 OACIJL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 176 0 OACKLP+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 179 0 MDIKPC+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 189 0 OACIIH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 200 0 OACIIJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 203 0 OACIJL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 206 0 SQUEZY+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 228 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-01-29 02:46:46 CET RepresentationInformation: biosensors-14-00382.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-01-22 07:42:26 CET Size: 1963766 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 392 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Human Subjects Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Electrical Bioimpedance Measurement Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Measurement Procedure Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Electrical Conductivity Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Impedance Calibration and Calculation Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Conductivity Measured in Normal and Tumor Tissue (In Vivo and Ex Vivo) Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Electrical Conductivity Ratio Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Differences between Normal Tissue Conductivity and Cirrhosis In Vivo and Ex Vivo Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Tissue Conductivity Based on Tumor Type and Status Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Supplementary Information on Case-by-Case Conductivity at a Frequency 1 MHz Destination: subsection.3.6 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Electrical Conductivity Measurement in Human Liver Tissue: Assessment on Normal vs. Tumor Tissue and under In Vivo vs. Ex Vivo Conditions Author: Amirhossein Sarreshtehdari, Tomás García-Sánchez, Patricia Sánchez-Velázquez, Benedetto Ielpo, Enrique Berjano, María Villamonte, Xavier Moll and Fernando Burdio Subject: Background: This study evaluated electrical conductivity in human liver tissue in the 3 1000 kHz frequency range to compare normal versus tumor tissues under in vivo versus ex vivo conditions. Methods: Previous informed consent was obtained from twenty patients undergoing liver resection in whom liver electrical conductivity was measured during surgery and after resection. Result: We found higher electrical conductivity values in tumor tissues than in normal tissue in both in vivo (0.41 0.10 vs. 0.13 0.06 S/m) and ex vivo (0.27 0.09 vs. 0.12 0.07 S/m) conditions (at 3 kHz). The electric properties also showed a promising potential for distinguishing between different tissue types including metastasis, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic cirrhosis, and normal liver (both in vivo and ex vivo). At 3 kHz, in vivo electrical conductivity for cholangiocarcinoma, HCC, and metastasis were 0.35, 0.42 0.13, and 0.41 0.08 S/m, respectively, which differed significantly from each other (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings could potentially improve liver disease diagnostics through electrical conductivity measurements and treatment techniques involving electric fields. Future research should focus on expanding the sample size to refine the categorization and comparison processes across diverse human liver tissue types. 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