ad4fbecf93054de6cdacfebad0c7bc8c pgad448.pdf a89024c1d3b9e835bad04bed450248177384a9fa pgad448.pdf f7fd7c23631ef998f9705207d60a38e2a5d8928625f66017fb6d5458ab054fd6 pgad448.pdf Title: Environmental problem shifting from climate change mitigation: A mapping review Subject: DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad448; PNAS Nexus, 3, 1, 2023-12-19.; Abstract: Climate change mitigation will trigger major changes in human activity, energy systems, and material use, potentially shifting pressure from climate change to other environmental problems. We provide a comprehensive overview of such “environmental problem shifting” (EPS). While there is considerable research on this issue, studies are scattered across research fields and use a wide range of terms with blurred conceptual boundaries, such as trade-off, side effect, and spillover. We identify 506 relevant studies on EPS of which 311 are empirical, 47 are conceptual–theoretical, and 148 are synthetic studies or reviews of a particular mitigation option. A systematic mapping of the empirical studies reveals 128 distinct shifts from 22 categories of mitigation options to 10 environmental impacts. A comparison with the recent IPCC report indicates that EPS literature does not cover all mitigation options. Moreover, some studies systematically overestimate EPS by not accounting for the environmental benefits of reduced climate change. We propose to conceptually clarify the different ways of estimating EPS by distinguishing between gross, net, and relative shifting. Finally, the ubiquity of EPS calls for policy design which ensures climate change mitigation that minimizes unsustainability across multiple environmental dimensions. To achieve this, policymakers can regulate mitigation options—for example, in their choice of technology or location—and implement complementary environmental policies. Keywords: environmental policy; nexus; planetary boundaries; SDGs; sustainability Author: Oskar Wood Hansen Creator: Servigistics Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 11.1.4546/W-x64 Producer: PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win64); modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XT CreationDate: Tue Jan 9 10:05:26 2024 CET ModDate: Wed Feb 21 09:50:40 2024 CET Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: AcroForm JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 782.362 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 1106049 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.6 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YZIXJF+STIXGeneral-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 37 0 XVDEJN+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 38 0 ULFDEF+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 39 0 ZUNULG+CaeciliaLTStd-Light Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 40 0 MLJSAM+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 41 0 CSGNZE+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 1 0 LHGGIB+Roboto-Regular Type 1 Custom yes yes no 52 0 Helvetica-Bold Type 1 Custom no no no 64 0 XRZZIF+ArialMT Type 1 Custom yes yes no 65 0 YXXKGU+Roboto-Regular Type 1 Custom yes yes no 81 0 TYETQZ+Code2000 CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 91 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-02-27 02:30:01 CET RepresentationInformation: pgad448.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-02-24 01:34:47 CET Size: 1106049 Format: PDF Version: 1.6 Status: Well-Formed, but not valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul ErrorMessage: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'corpgad448-cor1' cannot be found ID: PDF-HUL-149 ErrorMessage: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfInvalidException: Invalid indirect destination - referenced object 'corpgad448-cor1' cannot be found ID: PDF-HUL-122 Offset: 955014 MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: Tagged PDF PDFMetadata: Objects: 1789 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: OneColumn PageMode: UseOutlines Language: en Outlines: Item: Title: Environmental problem shifting from climate change mitigation: A mapping review Destination: head1 Children: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: secpgad448-s0 Item: Title: Results Destination: secpgad448-s1 Children: Item: Title: Publications and methods Destination: secpgad448-s1.1 Item: Title: A typology of policy effects Destination: secpgad448-s1.2 Item: Title: Terminology Destination: secpgad448-s1.3 Item: Title: Conceptual aspects of EPS Destination: secpgad448-s1.4 Item: Title: Mitigation options studied Destination: secpgad448-s1.5 Item: Title: Environmental impacts studied Destination: secpgad448-s1.6 Item: Title: Shifts from mitigation options to environmental impacts Destination: secpgad448-s1.7 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: secpgad448-s2 Children: Item: Title: EPS is the most precise term Destination: secpgad448-s2.1 Item: Title: Types of EPS mapped Destination: secpgad448-s2.2 Item: Title: Mitigation options not mapped Destination: secpgad448-s2.3 Item: Title: Moderating factors of EPS Destination: secpgad448-s2.4 Item: Title: Comparing estimates: gross and net EPS Destination: secpgad448-s2.5 Item: Title: Policy implications Destination: secpgad448-s2.6 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: secpgad448-s3 Item: Title: Mapping method Destination: secpgad448-s4 Item: Title: Notes Destination: fngroup Item: Title: Acknowledgments Destination: acknow Item: Title: Supplementary Material Destination: secpgad448-s5 Item: Title: Funding Destination: secpgad448-s6 Item: Title: Author Contributions Destination: secpgad448-s7 Item: Title: Data Availability Destination: secpgad448-s8 Item: Title: References Destination: reflist Info: Title: Environmental problem shifting from climate change mitigation: A mapping review Author: Oskar Wood Hansen Subject: DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad448; PNAS Nexus, 3, 1, 2023-12-19.; Abstract: Climate change mitigation will trigger major changes in human activity, energy systems, and material use, potentially shifting pressure from climate change to other environmental problems. We provide a comprehensive overview of such “environmental problem shifting” (EPS). While there is considerable research on this issue, studies are scattered across research fields and use a wide range of terms with blurred conceptual boundaries, such as trade-off, side effect, and spillover. We identify 506 relevant studies on EPS of which 311 are empirical, 47 are conceptual theoretical, and 148 are synthetic studies or reviews of a particular mitigation option. A systematic mapping of the empirical studies reveals 128 distinct shifts from 22 categories of mitigation options to 10 environmental impacts. A comparison with the recent IPCC report indicates that EPS literature does not cover all mitigation options. Moreover, some studies systematically overestimate EPS by not accounting for the environmental benefits of reduced climate change. We propose to conceptually clarify the different ways of estimating EPS by distinguishing between gross, net, and relative shifting. Finally, the ubiquity of EPS calls for policy design which ensures climate change mitigation that minimizes unsustainability across multiple environmental dimensions. To achieve this, policymakers can regulate mitigation options for example, in their choice of technology or location and implement complementary environmental policies. Keywords: environmental policy; nexus; planetary boundaries; SDGs; sustainability Creator: Servigistics Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 11.1.4546/W-x64 Producer: PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win64); modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XT CreationDate: Tue Jan 09 10:35:26 CET 2024 ModDate: Wed Feb 21 09:50:40 CET 2024 ID: 0x4e663601a7862aee84a6a3e0dc092191, 0x822e121942f70c7101d706d105e90e00 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type0: Font: BaseFont: TYETQZ+Code2000 Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Type1: Font: BaseFont: YZIXJF+STIXGeneral-Regular FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 4 FontDescriptor: FontName: YZIXJF+STIXGeneral-Regular Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -995, -455, 2000, 1055 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: XVDEJN+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 57 FontDescriptor: FontName: XVDEJN+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic Flags: Nonsymbolic, Italic FontBBox: -166, -267, 1033, 909 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: ULFDEF+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 34 FontDescriptor: FontName: ULFDEF+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Flags: Nonsymbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -170, -277, 1146, 970 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: ZUNULG+CaeciliaLTStd-Light FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 94 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZUNULG+CaeciliaLTStd-Light Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -164, -266, 1130, 908 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MLJSAM+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 66 FontDescriptor: FontName: MLJSAM+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Flags: Nonsymbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -166, -273, 1141, 938 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true ToUnicode: true TrueType: Font: BaseFont: CSGNZE+ArialMT FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: CSGNZE+ArialMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -664, -324, 2000, 1039 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding CIDFontType2: Font: BaseFont: TYETQZ+Code2000 CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: TYETQZ+Code2000 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -1154, -295, 2107, 977 FontFile2: true XMP: uuid:a6b0c531-947c-4e9b-9614-4b71c3b13f42 uuid:D5B7519E-0360-DFE8-735F-D6544F6AD7A8 True environmental policy; nexus; planetary boundaries; SDGs; sustainability PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win64); modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XT application/pdf 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad448 en Oxford University Press Environmental problem shifting from climate change mitigation: A mapping review Oskar Wood Hansen Jeroen van den Bergh DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad448; PNAS Nexus, 3, 1, 2023-12-19.; Abstract: Climate change mitigation will trigger major changes in human activity, energy systems, and material use, potentially shifting pressure from climate change to other environmental problems. We provide a comprehensive overview of such “environmental problem shifting” (EPS). While there is considerable research on this issue, studies are scattered across research fields and use a wide range of terms with blurred conceptual boundaries, such as trade-off, side effect, and spillover. We identify 506 relevant studies on EPS of which 311 are empirical, 47 are conceptual–theoretical, and 148 are synthetic studies or reviews of a particular mitigation option. A systematic mapping of the empirical studies reveals 128 distinct shifts from 22 categories of mitigation options to 10 environmental impacts. A comparison with the recent IPCC report indicates that EPS literature does not cover all mitigation options. Moreover, some studies systematically overestimate EPS by not accounting for the environmental benefits of reduced climate change. We propose to conceptually clarify the different ways of estimating EPS by distinguishing between gross, net, and relative shifting. Finally, the ubiquity of EPS calls for policy design which ensures climate change mitigation that minimizes unsustainability across multiple environmental dimensions. To achieve this, policymakers can regulate mitigation options—for example, in their choice of technology or location—and implement complementary environmental policies. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of National Academy of Sciences. environmental policy nexus planetary boundaries SDGs sustainability Journal PNAS Nexus © The Author(s) 2023. 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