cd876905214ccb99dbeaef2161bdb4e5 pmc_10931153.pdf 81d8b8b3922bd995a9ccde73a8afc0cda765b8c6 pmc_10931153.pdf 6b540329405bf271d10fc121f7a5b5cffb8303e992530e4060fb05581db2cef2 pmc_10931153.pdf Title: Dolphin-WET—Development of a Welfare Evaluation Tool for Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under Human Care Subject: Ensuring high standards of animal welfare is not only an ethical duty for zoos and aquariums, but it is also essential to achieve their conservation, education, and research goals. While for some species, animal welfare assessment frameworks are already in place, little has been done for marine animals under human care. Responding to this demand, the welfare committee of the European Association for Aquatic Mammals (EAAM) set up a group of experts on welfare science, cetacean biology, and zoo animal medicine across Europe. Their objective was to develop a comprehensive tool to evaluate the welfare of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), named Dolphin-WET. The tool encompasses 49 indicators that were either validated through peer review or management-based expertise. The first of its kind, the Dolphin-WET is a species-specific welfare assessment tool that provides a holistic approach to evaluating dolphin welfare. Inspired by Mellor’s Five Domains Model and the Welfare Quality®, its hierarchical structure allows for detailed assessments from overall welfare down to specific indicators. Through combining 37 animal-based and 12 resource-based indicators that are evaluated based on a two- or three-level scoring, the protocol offers a detailed evaluation of individual dolphins. This approach allows for regular internal monitoring and targeted welfare management, enabling caretakers to address specific welfare concerns effectively. Keywords: cetacean welfare; welfare evaluation; welfare indicator; marine mammals; zoo animals Author: Katrin Baumgartner, Tim Hüttner, Isabella L. K. Clegg, Manuel Garcia Hartmann, Daniel Garcia-Párraga, Xavier Manteca, Birgitta Mercera, Tania Monreal-Pawlowsky, Cristina Pilenga, Kerstin Ternes, Oriol Tallo-Parra, Ruta Vaicekauskaite, Lorenzo von Fersen, Lisa Yon and Fabienne Delfour Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Feb 29 09:08:06 2024 CET ModDate: Thu Feb 29 09:12:22 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 32 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1451106 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 DHHGZJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 HBTKIW+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 KTDRZO+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 UMJKLZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal 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Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Dolphin-WET Development Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Working Group Composition Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Scientific Literature Research Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Structure Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Selection of the Principles, Criteria, Sub-Criteria, and Indicators Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Validation of the Indicators Destination: subsection.2.5 Children: Item: Title: Surveys Destination: subsubsection.2.5.1 Item: Title: The Dolphin-WET Toolbox Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Scoring Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Final Tool Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Nutrition Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: Absence of Prolonged Hunger or Thirst Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: Adequate Diet Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: Adequate Food Quality Destination: subsubsection.3.1.3 Item: Title: Adequate Food Variety Destination: subsubsection.3.1.4 Item: Title: Environment Destination: subsection.3.2 Children: Item: Title: Safe Environment Destination: subsubsection.3.2.1 Item: Title: Adequate Spatial Requirements and Pool Complexity Destination: subsubsection.3.2.2 Item: Title: Social Management Destination: subsubsection.3.2.3 Item: Title: Water Quality Destination: subsubsection.3.2.4 Item: Title: Temperature Destination: subsubsection.3.2.5 Item: Title: Ambient Light Destination: subsubsection.3.2.6 Item: Title: Ambient Noise Destination: subsubsection.3.2.7 Item: Title: Health Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: Correct Locomotion Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: Eye Lesions Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: Mouth Condition (Teeth, Tongue, and Mucosa) Destination: subsubsection.3.3.3 Item: Title: Gastrointestinal Diseases Destination: subsubsection.3.3.4 Item: Title: Respiratory Diseases Destination: subsubsection.3.3.5 Item: Title: Generic/Systemic/Other Diseases Destination: subsubsection.3.3.6 Item: Title: Behaviour Destination: subsection.3.4 Children: Item: Title: Display of Important Behaviours That Reflect a Positive Welfare State Destination: subsubsection.3.4.1 Item: Title: Absence of Abnormal Behaviours/Behaviours Indicative of Poor Welfare Destination: subsubsection.3.4.2 Item: Title: Mental State Destination: subsection.3.5 Children: Item: Title: Positive Human Animal Relationship Destination: subsubsection.3.5.1 Item: Title: Behaviours Linked to Positive Mental States Destination: subsubsection.3.5.2 Item: Title: Swimming Behaviours Linked to Negative Mental States Destination: subsubsection.3.5.3 Item: Title: Management Policy towards Choice and Control Destination: subsubsection.3.5.4 Item: Title: Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) Destination: subsubsection.3.5.5 Item: Title: Creation of an App Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: appendix.A. Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.B. Info: Title: Dolphin-WET Development of a Welfare Evaluation Tool for Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under Human Care Author: Katrin Baumgartner, Tim Hüttner, Isabella L. K. Clegg, Manuel Garcia Hartmann, Daniel Garcia-Párraga, Xavier Manteca, Birgitta Mercera, Tania Monreal-Pawlowsky, Cristina Pilenga, Kerstin Ternes, Oriol Tallo-Parra, Ruta Vaicekauskaite, Lorenzo von Fersen, Lisa Yon and Fabienne Delfour Subject: Ensuring high standards of animal welfare is not only an ethical duty for zoos and aquariums, but it is also essential to achieve their conservation, education, and research goals. While for some species, animal welfare assessment frameworks are already in place, little has been done for marine animals under human care. Responding to this demand, the welfare committee of the European Association for Aquatic Mammals (EAAM) set up a group of experts on welfare science, cetacean biology, and zoo animal medicine across Europe. Their objective was to develop a comprehensive tool to evaluate the welfare of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), named Dolphin-WET. The tool encompasses 49 indicators that were either validated through peer review or management-based expertise. The first of its kind, the Dolphin-WET is a species-specific welfare assessment tool that provides a holistic approach to evaluating dolphin welfare. Inspired by Mellor’s Five Domains Model and the Welfare Quality®, its hierarchical structure allows for detailed assessments from overall welfare down to specific indicators. Through combining 37 animal-based and 12 resource-based indicators that are evaluated based on a two- or three-level scoring, the protocol offers a detailed evaluation of individual dolphins. This approach allows for regular internal monitoring and targeted welfare management, enabling caretakers to address specific welfare concerns effectively. 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