de1b98ece2c27b59ff47a18db9dfeb8c pmc_10931447.pdf a11cab705d20b5699c35e52117b2fad65ccbb3b9 pmc_10931447.pdf 4eca6f8c444ec27b5f99f8ff7c2e152fd57848e0b4e9ef75f185e87e6f56fedf pmc_10931447.pdf Title: Synchronous Front-Face Fluorescence Spectra: A Review of Milk Fluorophores Subject: Milk is subjected to different industrial processes, provoking significant physicochemical modifications that impact milk’s functional properties. As a rapid and in-line method, front-face fluorescence can be used to characterize milk instead of conventional analytical tests. However, when applying fluorescence spectroscopy for any application, it is not always necessary to determine which compound is responsible for each fluorescent response. In complex matrixes such as milk where several variables are interdependent, the unique identification of compounds can be challenging. Thus, few efforts have been made on the chemical characterization of milk’ fluorescent spectrum and the current information is dispersed. This review aims to organize research findings by dividing the milk spectra into areas and concatenating each area with at least one fluorophore. Designations are discussed by providing specific information on the fluorescent properties of each compound. In addition, a summary table of all fluorophores and references cited in this work by area is provided. This review provides a solid foundation for further research and could serve as a central reference. Keywords: fluorophores; excitation emission matrix; skim milk; synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy; front-face fluorescence Author: Paulina Freire, Anna Zamora and Manuel Castillo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Wed Mar 6 09:21:43 2024 CET ModDate: Wed Mar 6 09:24:02 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2201422 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XQKSOB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 WVPVTD+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 UNOHHF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 ZNTPTI+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 XBNVAE+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 PNSQUP+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 60 0 JHYTSG+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 65 0 ZLPPCX+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 70 0 KKBMLD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 KKBMLE+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 90 0 KKBMLF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 96 0 KKBMMH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 99 0 KKBNEF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 102 0 KKBMLD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 116 0 KKBMLE+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 119 0 KKBMLF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 125 0 KKBMMH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 KKBNEF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 131 0 FRIBTL+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 139 0 KKBMLD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 151 0 KKBMLE+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 154 0 KKBMLF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 KKBMMH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 163 0 KKBNEF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 166 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 173 0 KKBMLD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 185 0 KKBMLE+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 188 0 KKBMLF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 194 0 KKBMMH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 197 0 KKBNEF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 200 0 DXMGGH+EURM7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 210 0 KKBMLD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 228 0 KKBMLE+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 231 0 KKBMLF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 237 0 KKBMMH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 240 0 KKBNEF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 243 0 KKBMLD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 266 0 KKBMLE+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 269 0 KKBMLF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 275 0 KKBMMH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 278 0 KKBNEF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 281 0 IKPNRE+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 292 0 TVGGGO+Dingbats Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 303 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-03-22 02:44:53 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_10931447.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-03-20 02:30:48 CET Size: 2201422 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 627 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: General Fluorophores Features Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Fluorescence Measurements Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Fluorescence Geometry Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Fluorescence Measurements Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Synchronous Front-Face Fluorescence of Milk Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Area 1 (Exc. 250 280 nm/Em. 420 450 nm) Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Areas 2 and 3 (Exc. 270 280 nm/Em. 323 355 nm and Exc. 280 298 nm/Em. 323 355 nm) Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Area 4 (Exc. 320 350 nm/Em. 390 445 nm) Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Area 5 (Exc. 350 380 nm/Em. 440 470 nm) Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Areas 6, 7, and 8 (Exc. 368 380 nm/Em. 415 430 nm; Exc. 370 400 nm/Em. 505 535 nm; Exc. 390 410 nm/Em. 410 430 nm) Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Area 9 (Exc. 410 430 nm/Em. 410 450 nm) Destination: subsection.4.6 Item: Title: Area 10 (Exc. 425 480 nm/Em. 515 540 nm) Destination: subsection.4.7 Item: Title: Other Compounds Destination: subsection.4.8 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Synchronous Front-Face Fluorescence Spectra: A Review of Milk Fluorophores Author: Paulina Freire, Anna Zamora and Manuel Castillo Subject: Milk is subjected to different industrial processes, provoking significant physicochemical modifications that impact milk’s functional properties. As a rapid and in-line method, front-face fluorescence can be used to characterize milk instead of conventional analytical tests. However, when applying fluorescence spectroscopy for any application, it is not always necessary to determine which compound is responsible for each fluorescent response. In complex matrixes such as milk where several variables are interdependent, the unique identification of compounds can be challenging. Thus, few efforts have been made on the chemical characterization of milk’ fluorescent spectrum and the current information is dispersed. This review aims to organize research findings by dividing the milk spectra into areas and concatenating each area with at least one fluorophore. Designations are discussed by providing specific information on the fluorescent properties of each compound. In addition, a summary table of all fluorophores and references cited in this work by area is provided. This review provides a solid foundation for further research and could serve as a central reference. 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