a4a8a66ba4a759ae47c2ef57f8a64e74 pmc_10968469.pdf 6310ba0c1c1c597843dd4d7c3fa63b3e9c6851c0 pmc_10968469.pdf 9fbb4509010710ce24eef7f3b4c977a31eb4c44ded2d62f49d63a8291bfe9b0c pmc_10968469.pdf Title: Food Finding Test without Deprivation: A Sensorial Paradigm Sensitive to Sex, Genotype, and Isolation Shows Signatures of Derangements in Old Mice with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Normal Aging Subject: The Food Finding Test (FFT) olfactory paradigm without overnight food deprivation examined olfaction in aged (16-months-old) animals. Ethograms of three goal-directed behaviors towards hidden food (sniffing, finding and eating) elicited in male and female 3xTg-AD mice for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their age-matched C57BL/6 wild-type counterparts with normal aging were meticulously analyzed with the support of video recordings. The new FFT protocol elicited longer ethograms than previously reported with the standard deprivation protocol. However, it was sensitive when identifying genotype- and sex-dependent olfactory signatures for the temporal patterns of slow sniffing, finding, and eating in AD and males, but it had a striking consistency in females. The impact of forced social isolation was studied and it was found to exert sex-dependent modifications of the ethogram, mostly in males. Still, in both sexes, a functional derangement was detected since the internal correlations among the behaviors decreased or were lost under isolated conditions. In conclusion, the new paradigm without overnight deprivation was sensitive to sex (males), genotype (AD), and social context (isolation-dependent changes) in its ethogram and functional correlation. At the translational level, it is a warning about the impact of isolation in the advanced stages of the disease, paying notable attention to the male sex. Keywords: neuroethology; 3xTg-AD mice; behavioral neuroscience; methods; sniffing loss; aging; Alzheimer’s disease; animal models; ethogram Author: Daniela Marín-Pardo and Lydia Giménez-Llort Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Tue Mar 19 03:35:18 2024 CET ModDate: Tue Mar 19 03:37:19 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 976162 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 BGPTDY+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 KYDZFT+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 EVMXVR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 MWHIBA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 SLUQMQ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 48 0 VYVZGZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 65 0 BANALO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 82 0 BANALP+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 85 0 BANAMA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 91 0 BANAMC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 94 0 BANBBB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 97 0 BANALO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 BANALP+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 110 0 BANAMA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 116 0 BANAMC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 119 0 BANBBB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 122 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-04-30 02:51:31 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10968469.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-04-09 02:35:25 CEST Size: 976162 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 241 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Animals Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Social Conditions Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Physical Status and Behavioral Assessment Destination: subsection.2.3 Children: Item: Title: Physical Status Destination: subsubsection.2.3.1 Item: Title: The Food Finding Test of Olfactory Ability without Food Deprivation Destination: subsubsection.2.3.2 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Physical Status Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Elicitation of Olfactory Signatures despite the Lack of Overnight Food Deprivation Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Time Delays and FFT Behavioral Correlates Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Food Finding Test without Deprivation: A Sensorial Paradigm Sensitive to Sex, Genotype, and Isolation Shows Signatures of Derangements in Old Mice with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Normal Aging Author: Daniela Marín-Pardo and Lydia Giménez-Llort Subject: The Food Finding Test (FFT) olfactory paradigm without overnight food deprivation examined olfaction in aged (16-months-old) animals. Ethograms of three goal-directed behaviors towards hidden food (sniffing, finding and eating) elicited in male and female 3xTg-AD mice for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their age-matched C57BL/6 wild-type counterparts with normal aging were meticulously analyzed with the support of video recordings. The new FFT protocol elicited longer ethograms than previously reported with the standard deprivation protocol. However, it was sensitive when identifying genotype- and sex-dependent olfactory signatures for the temporal patterns of slow sniffing, finding, and eating in AD and males, but it had a striking consistency in females. The impact of forced social isolation was studied and it was found to exert sex-dependent modifications of the ethogram, mostly in males. Still, in both sexes, a functional derangement was detected since the internal correlations among the behaviors decreased or were lost under isolated conditions. In conclusion, the new paradigm without overnight deprivation was sensitive to sex (males), genotype (AD), and social context (isolation-dependent changes) in its ethogram and functional correlation. At the translational level, it is a warning about the impact of isolation in the advanced stages of the disease, paying notable attention to the male sex. 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