2c3d4fc344bb757e263c3ced67193bc7 pmc_11125603.pdf e9aa22e1007353c1f95bddfacae68246cbc3f210 pmc_11125603.pdf 14bc33850fcd30866b6a5a9cbb7003046ee85e462dde9c3df99774d53b6e849d pmc_11125603.pdf Title: Elucidating the Onset of Cross-Protective Immunity after Intranasal Vaccination with the Attenuated African Swine Fever Vaccine Candidate BA71CD2 Subject: African swine fever (ASF) is a deadly disease of swine currently causing a worldwide pandemic, leading to severe economic consequences for the porcine industry. The control of disease spread is hampered by the limitation of available effective vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are currently the most advanced vaccine prototypes, providing strong protection against ASF. However, the significant advances achieved using LAVs must be complemented with further studies to analyze vaccine-induced immunity. Here, we characterized the onset of cross-protective immunity triggered by the LAV candidate BA71CD2. Intranasally vaccinated pigs were challenged with the virulent Georgia 2007/1 strain at days 3, 7 and 12 postvaccination. Only the animals vaccinated 12 days before the challenge had effectively controlled infection progression, showing low virus loads, minor clinical signs and a lack of the unbalanced inflammatory response characteristic of severe disease. Contrarily, the animals vaccinated 3 or 7 days before the challenge just showed a minor delay in disease progression. An analysis of the humoral response and whole blood transcriptome signatures demonstrated that the control of infection was associated with the presence of virus-specific IgG and a cytotoxic response before the challenge. These results contribute to our understanding of protective immunity induced by LAV-based vaccines, encouraging their use in emergency responses in ASF-affected areas. Keywords: ASFV; ASF immunity; live attenuated vaccine; LAV; BA71CD2; onset of immunity Author: David Marín-Moraleda, Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti, Aida Tort-Miró, María Jesús Navas, Marta Muñoz, Enric Vidal, Àlex Cobos, Beatriz Martín-Mur, Sochanwattey Meas, Veronika Motuzova, Chia-Yu Chang, Marta Gut, Francesc Accensi, Sonia Pina-Pedrero, José Ignacio Núñez, Anna Esteve-Codina, Boris Gavrilov, Fernando Rodriguez, Lihong Liu and Jordi Argilaguet Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Mon May 13 08:52:44 2024 CEST ModDate: Mon May 13 08:58:56 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4934762 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- UXMQRH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes 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Size: 4934762 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 558 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Ethics Statement Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Viruses Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Animal Experiment Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Quantitative PCR for the Detection of ASFV Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Multiplex Luminex Assay Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: RNA-Seq Library Preparation and Sequencing Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Bioinformatic Analysis Destination: subsection.2.8 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.9 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Onset of Cross-Protection Induced in Pigs Intranasally Vaccinated with BA71CD2 Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Presence of ASFV-Specific IgG Antibodies before Challenge Is Associated with Control of Infection Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Lack of ASF-Associated Apoptosis and Immunopathology Markers in Pigs Vaccinated 12 Days Prior to the Challenge Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Control of Infection Is Associated with a Blood Cytotoxic Transcriptomic Signature before Challenge Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Elucidating the Onset of Cross-Protective Immunity after Intranasal Vaccination with the Attenuated African Swine Fever Vaccine Candidate BA71CD2 Author: David Marín-Moraleda, Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti, Aida Tort-Miró, María Jesús Navas, Marta Muñoz, Enric Vidal, Àlex Cobos, Beatriz Martín-Mur, Sochanwattey Meas, Veronika Motuzova, Chia-Yu Chang, Marta Gut, Francesc Accensi, Sonia Pina-Pedrero, José Ignacio Núñez, Anna Esteve-Codina, Boris Gavrilov, Fernando Rodriguez, Lihong Liu and Jordi Argilaguet Subject: African swine fever (ASF) is a deadly disease of swine currently causing a worldwide pandemic, leading to severe economic consequences for the porcine industry. The control of disease spread is hampered by the limitation of available effective vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are currently the most advanced vaccine prototypes, providing strong protection against ASF. However, the significant advances achieved using LAVs must be complemented with further studies to analyze vaccine-induced immunity. Here, we characterized the onset of cross-protective immunity triggered by the LAV candidate BA71CD2. Intranasally vaccinated pigs were challenged with the virulent Georgia 2007/1 strain at days 3, 7 and 12 postvaccination. Only the animals vaccinated 12 days before the challenge had effectively controlled infection progression, showing low virus loads, minor clinical signs and a lack of the unbalanced inflammatory response characteristic of severe disease. Contrarily, the animals vaccinated 3 or 7 days before the challenge just showed a minor delay in disease progression. An analysis of the humoral response and whole blood transcriptome signatures demonstrated that the control of infection was associated with the presence of virus-specific IgG and a cytotoxic response before the challenge. These results contribute to our understanding of protective immunity induced by LAV-based vaccines, encouraging their use in emergency responses in ASF-affected areas. 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