813af62d6854475102dee047bcec4d87 pmc_11125856.pdf be88988aa5935b28d040887720d68bfb020e59ba pmc_11125856.pdf 74b8c505c6d90805add93259f2c355c6c37eb45fa0bd03a75034447f972e59fd pmc_11125856.pdf Title: Wildlife–Livestock Host Community Maintains Simultaneous Epidemiologic Cycles of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in a Mountain Ecosystem Subject: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is an eye disease caused by Mycoplasma conjunctivae that affects domestic and wild caprines, including Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), a medium-sized mountain ungulate. However, its role in IKC dynamics in multi-host communities has been poorly studied. This study assessed M. conjunctivae in Iberian ibex and seasonally sympatric domestic small ruminants in the Natural Space of Sierra Nevada (NSSN), a mountain habitat in southern Spain. From 2015 to 2017, eye swabs were collected from 147 ibexes (46 subadults, 101 adults) and 169 adult domestic small ruminants (101 sheep, 68 goats). Mycoplasma conjunctivae was investigated through real-time qPCR and statistically assessed according to species, sex, age category, year, period, and area. The lppS gene of M. conjunctivae was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. Mycoplasma conjunctivae was endemic and asymptomatic in the host community of the NSSN. Three genetic clusters were shared by ibex and livestock, and one was identified only in sheep, although each host species could maintain the infection independently. Naïve subadults maintained endemic infection in Iberian ibex, with an epizootic outbreak in 2017 when the infection spread to adults. Wild ungulates are epidemiologically key in maintaining and spreading IKC and other shared diseases among spatially segregated livestock flocks. Keywords: Capra pyrenaica; endemic; epidemiology; Iberian ibex; infectious keratoconjunctivitis; PCR; reservoir Author: Jorge Ramón López-Olvera, Eva Ramírez, Carlos Martínez-Carrasco and José Enrique Granados Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Tue May 14 15:03:12 2024 CEST ModDate: Tue May 14 15:20:06 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3816171 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XWOCXD+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 GRJSSV+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 HSQVHR+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 UEDTIX+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 BHFMLT+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 PFWYHH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 37 0 CTCXDQ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 53 0 JKAALI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 80 0 JKAALJ+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 83 0 JKAALK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 89 0 JKAAMM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 JKABGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 95 0 XYPWHM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 102 0 TWBXLT+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 107 0 JKAALI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 119 0 JKAALJ+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 122 0 JKAALK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 JKAAMM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 131 0 JKABGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 134 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 142 0 HTKYNF+EURB7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 150 0 PDXFNG+PazoMath-Bold Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 155 0 JKAALI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 170 0 JKAALK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 173 0 JKAAMM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 176 0 JKABGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 179 0 NUUXUW+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 202 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-06-14 02:39:37 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_11125856.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-06-13 02:35:28 CEST Size: 3816171 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 482 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Sampling Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Molecular Detection of M. conjunctivae DNA Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Mycoplasma Conjunctivae Subtyping and Cluster Analyses Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: M. conjunctivae Infection in Iberian ibex Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: M. conjunctivae Infection in Domestic Small Ruminants Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Clustering of M. conjunctivae Strains Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Wildlife Livestock Host Community Maintains Simultaneous Epidemiologic Cycles of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in a Mountain Ecosystem Author: Jorge Ramón López-Olvera, Eva Ramírez, Carlos Martínez-Carrasco and José Enrique Granados Subject: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is an eye disease caused by Mycoplasma conjunctivae that affects domestic and wild caprines, including Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), a medium-sized mountain ungulate. However, its role in IKC dynamics in multi-host communities has been poorly studied. This study assessed M. conjunctivae in Iberian ibex and seasonally sympatric domestic small ruminants in the Natural Space of Sierra Nevada (NSSN), a mountain habitat in southern Spain. From 2015 to 2017, eye swabs were collected from 147 ibexes (46 subadults, 101 adults) and 169 adult domestic small ruminants (101 sheep, 68 goats). Mycoplasma conjunctivae was investigated through real-time qPCR and statistically assessed according to species, sex, age category, year, period, and area. The lppS gene of M. conjunctivae was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. Mycoplasma conjunctivae was endemic and asymptomatic in the host community of the NSSN. Three genetic clusters were shared by ibex and livestock, and one was identified only in sheep, although each host species could maintain the infection independently. Naïve subadults maintained endemic infection in Iberian ibex, with an epizootic outbreak in 2017 when the infection spread to adults. Wild ungulates are epidemiologically key in maintaining and spreading IKC and other shared diseases among spatially segregated livestock flocks. 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