361a9d7c1d005f3faca19236f23407bc pmc_11173566.pdf af58e965b2fef93da8f5cbcbc0f74a3939dfd0d8 pmc_11173566.pdf a177956071053359d27f07400307e97cafee7457f6b426cddbba03fed4fdbbba pmc_11173566.pdf Title: A Narrative Review on Gut Microbiome Disturbances and Microbial Preparations in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Implications for Long COVID Subject: Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and long COVID are complex, multisystemic and long-term disabling conditions characterized by debilitating post-exertional malaise and other core symptoms related to immune dysregulation resultant from post-viral infection, including mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis. The reported associations between altered microbiota composition and cardinal symptoms of ME/CFS and long COVID suggest that the use of microbial preparations, such as probiotics, by restoring the homeostasis of the brain–immune–gut axis, may help in the management of symptoms in both conditions. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the implications of alerted gut microbiome and assess the evidence supporting use of microbial-based preparations, including probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics alone and/or in combination with other nutraceuticals in the management of fatigue, inflammation and neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with ME/CFS and long COVID. Keywords: probiotics; gut microbiota; gut–brain axis; chronic fatigue syndrome; myalgic encephalomyelitis; long COVID; prebiotics; dietary supplementation; antioxidants; inflammation; psychobiotics Author: Joanna Michalina Jurek and Jesus Castro-Marrero Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Tue May 21 11:26:42 2024 CEST ModDate: Tue May 21 11:29:06 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 23 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 838236 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- EWNWQI+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 FBZRAU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 VYUFEP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 EQVRHT+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 DIGAHP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 67 0 DIGAIA+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 70 0 DIGAJB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 76 0 DIGAJD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 79 0 DIGANC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 82 0 GOCQIR+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 90 0 VCVPZQ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 107 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-06 02:50:40 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_11173566.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-01 02:29:56 CET Size: 838236 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 577 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Role of the Alerted Gut Microbiome in ME/CFS and Long COVID Pathogenesis Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Use of Probiotic in the Management of ME/CFS and Long COVID Symptoms Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Effects of Probiotics on Fatigue and Inflammation in ME/CFS and Long COVID Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Effects of Probiotics on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (Psychobiotics) Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Effects of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in ME/CFS and Long COVID Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Future Directions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Take-Home Messages Destination: section.6 Item: Title: References Destination: section.7 Info: Title: A Narrative Review on Gut Microbiome Disturbances and Microbial Preparations in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Implications for Long COVID Author: Joanna Michalina Jurek and Jesus Castro-Marrero Subject: Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and long COVID are complex, multisystemic and long-term disabling conditions characterized by debilitating post-exertional malaise and other core symptoms related to immune dysregulation resultant from post-viral infection, including mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis. The reported associations between altered microbiota composition and cardinal symptoms of ME/CFS and long COVID suggest that the use of microbial preparations, such as probiotics, by restoring the homeostasis of the brain immune gut axis, may help in the management of symptoms in both conditions. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the implications of alerted gut microbiome and assess the evidence supporting use of microbial-based preparations, including probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics alone and/or in combination with other nutraceuticals in the management of fatigue, inflammation and neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with ME/CFS and long COVID. 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