f67b788da83baf612bf3826fe56a830f pmc_11475666.pdf 14afcfef9c5fe7fc07fa6542f69b86665734fb7a pmc_11475666.pdf 08b59fc1a1217a0c58ffa54f15c01fe296ab965e52095e5ec7bfa57f45292596 pmc_11475666.pdf Title: Seasonal and Sexual Variations in Corticosterone and Total Triiodothyronine: A Pilot Study in Mediterranean Tortoises (Testudo hermanni) Subject: The Mediterranean tortoise Testudo hermanni inhabits different regions bordering the northwestern Mediterranean. This species is vulnerable, protected by legislation, and involved in various breeding and reintroduction programs. Wild populations face numerous environmental and anthropogenic stressors that can potentially interfere with their conservation. While seasonal changes in stress-response biomarkers, such as glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones, have been widely studised in mammals and birds, there is a paucity of research in reptile species. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal fluctuations in corticosterone and total triiodothyronine levels in adult and juvenile Hermann’s tortoises (Testudo hermanni) as a measure of the physiological stress response. Blood samples were collected seasonally (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) and posteriorly analyzed by using a specific and validated enzyme immunoassay for both hormones, respectively. The results showed that corticosterone levels varied seasonally and differed between sexes, whereas total triiodothyronine levels changed seasonally but did not differ between sexes. Notably, juveniles exhibited no seasonal changes in either corticosterone or total triiodothyronine levels. Additionally, no correlation between blood extraction duration and hormonal concentrations was observed. This study is pioneering in its comprehensive evaluation of corticosterone and total triiodothyronine changes across all four seasons, including winter, and its focus on juvenile Hermann’s tortoises. Keywords: adrenal; thyroid; stress; reptile; chelonian; annual variation; conservation; homeostasis Author: Sergi Olvera-Maneu, Xavier Navarro, Paula Serres-Corral, Annaïs Carbajal, Albert Martínez-Silvestre and Manel López-Béjar Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Sun Sep 29 11:44:25 2024 CEST ModDate: Sun Sep 29 11:46:52 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 566803 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XWOCXD+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 PPSNFW+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 RBTRUQ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 JCNVZA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 JHIDMG+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 MWHIBA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 37 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 53 0 WTAUCZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 73 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 81 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 89 0 IANHLI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 106 0 IANHLJ+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 109 0 IANHLK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 115 0 IANHLM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 118 0 IANHPO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 121 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-26 02:44:42 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_11475666.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-10-25 02:32:57 CEST Size: 566803 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 318 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Individuals, Location, and Management Conditions Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Blood Sampling and Ethics Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Hormone Quantification and Assay Validation Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Assay Validations Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: CORT and tT3 Seasonal Variations Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Seasonal and Sexual Variations in Corticosterone and Total Triiodothyronine: A Pilot Study in Mediterranean Tortoises (Testudo hermanni) Author: Sergi Olvera-Maneu, Xavier Navarro, Paula Serres-Corral, Annaïs Carbajal, Albert Martínez-Silvestre and Manel López-Béjar Subject: The Mediterranean tortoise Testudo hermanni inhabits different regions bordering the northwestern Mediterranean. This species is vulnerable, protected by legislation, and involved in various breeding and reintroduction programs. Wild populations face numerous environmental and anthropogenic stressors that can potentially interfere with their conservation. While seasonal changes in stress-response biomarkers, such as glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones, have been widely studised in mammals and birds, there is a paucity of research in reptile species. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal fluctuations in corticosterone and total triiodothyronine levels in adult and juvenile Hermann’s tortoises (Testudo hermanni) as a measure of the physiological stress response. Blood samples were collected seasonally (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) and posteriorly analyzed by using a specific and validated enzyme immunoassay for both hormones, respectively. The results showed that corticosterone levels varied seasonally and differed between sexes, whereas total triiodothyronine levels changed seasonally but did not differ between sexes. Notably, juveniles exhibited no seasonal changes in either corticosterone or total triiodothyronine levels. Additionally, no correlation between blood extraction duration and hormonal concentrations was observed. This study is pioneering in its comprehensive evaluation of corticosterone and total triiodothyronine changes across all four seasons, including winter, and its focus on juvenile Hermann’s tortoises. 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