192b11d4cb6d33c0d3b5d026ea470225 pmc_11590916.pdf 747e7c75ba5a33a23ddeca06c885dd9d891fc2ad pmc_11590916.pdf 64656e6b8bb897e3fa769c352b416538892355f975d96e844ee9ab78b091c55f pmc_11590916.pdf Title: Exploring Entrepreneurial Intention and Student Engagement of Youth Living in Poverty Subject: Graduating from secondary education for adolescents living in poverty is challenging. Strong entrepreneurial intention and student engagement among youth living in poverty often play a protective role in reducing school dropout and fostering school completion, which results in improved educational attainment. However, research on this topic is scarce. A total of 1135 adolescents took part in this cross-sectional study, 50.9% of which were females. On average, they were 16.4 years old. They were all upper secondary school students from ten public and private schools in Lebanon. They completed instruments measuring entrepreneurial intention and student engagement. This study explored the covariate associations between risk and promotive factors through four dimensions of entrepreneurial intention and two components of student engagement (cognitive and psychological engagement). It shows positive associations for entrepreneurial intention with both individual factors (age) and social factors (working mother and private school). Negative associations for student engagement were found in all (individual and social) factors with the exception of the father’s job, which did not present any association. The findings provide insight for policymaking to empower schools to promote school completion and educational attainment among these youth by providing policy initiatives and school-based interventions that target entrepreneurial exposure and engagement strengthening, hence meeting young people’s individual, family, and school community needs. Keywords: youth living in poverty; entrepreneurial intention; student engagement; educational attainment; promotive factors Author: Rasha Mahmoud Khodor, Oliver Valero Coppin and Isabel Alvarez Canovas Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Sun Oct 27 09:39:36 2024 CET ModDate: Sun Oct 27 09:41:56 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 936597 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MXTWPO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 LWUQFY+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 LTXJCL+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 IQXQEA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 WFRWYE+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 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HMLNPR+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 170 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-01-30 02:45:01 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_11590916.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-12-04 02:21:22 CET Size: 936597 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 491 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Children: Item: Title: Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) Destination: subsection.1.1 Item: Title: Student Engagement (SE) Destination: subsection.1.2 Item: Title: Entrepreneurial Intention, Student Engagement, and Negative Educational Outcomes Destination: subsection.1.3 Item: Title: Study Framework Destination: subsection.1.4 Item: Title: Promotive Factors and Risk Factors for Entrepreneurial Intention Destination: subsection.1.5 Children: Item: Title: Individual Factors Destination: subsubsection.1.5.1 Item: Title: Social Factors Destination: subsubsection.1.5.2 Item: Title: Promotive and Risk Factors of Student Engagement Destination: subsection.1.6 Children: Item: Title: Individual Factors Destination: subsubsection.1.6.1 Item: Title: Family and School Community Factors Destination: subsubsection.1.6.2 Item: Title: The Current Study Destination: subsection.1.7 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Sample and Procedure Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Measures Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: Student Engagement Instrument (SEI) Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: Age Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Gender Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: School Type Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Parents’ Occupational Status Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Correlation between Entrepreneurial Intention and Student Engagement Factors Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Measurement Model Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Structural Models Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: Model 1: Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: Model 2: Student Engagement (SE) Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Individual Influences Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Social Influences Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: School Type Destination: subsection.4.3 Children: Item: Title: Promoting Public Entrepreneurial Intention and Student Engagement Destination: subsubsection.4.3.1 Item: Title: The Key Role of Schools Destination: subsubsection.4.3.2 Item: Title: Implications Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Limitations Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Exploring Entrepreneurial Intention and Student Engagement of Youth Living in Poverty Author: Rasha Mahmoud Khodor, Oliver Valero Coppin and Isabel Alvarez Canovas Subject: Graduating from secondary education for adolescents living in poverty is challenging. Strong entrepreneurial intention and student engagement among youth living in poverty often play a protective role in reducing school dropout and fostering school completion, which results in improved educational attainment. However, research on this topic is scarce. A total of 1135 adolescents took part in this cross-sectional study, 50.9% of which were females. On average, they were 16.4 years old. They were all upper secondary school students from ten public and private schools in Lebanon. They completed instruments measuring entrepreneurial intention and student engagement. This study explored the covariate associations between risk and promotive factors through four dimensions of entrepreneurial intention and two components of student engagement (cognitive and psychological engagement). It shows positive associations for entrepreneurial intention with both individual factors (age) and social factors (working mother and private school). Negative associations for student engagement were found in all (individual and social) factors with the exception of the father’s job, which did not present any association. The findings provide insight for policymaking to empower schools to promote school completion and educational attainment among these youth by providing policy initiatives and school-based interventions that target entrepreneurial exposure and engagement strengthening, hence meeting young people’s individual, family, and school community needs. 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