744c9ac30f47a6c712e4185c1ae35287 pmc_11591361.pdf 928ef28be3e2dd1a3d285bb0f08dc0722c35ee39 pmc_11591361.pdf d111a03d6d3870e02f3020a5b686073bdaa33ab9f48a21027075931aa7f2b44d pmc_11591361.pdf Title: Trends in Urban Wild Meat Trade of Chelonians (Turtles and Tortoises) in the Peruvian Amazon Subject: Culturally, chelonians are important sources of nutrition and income for rural and urban people in tropical rainforests, but urban trade can cause declines in wild populations. This study analyses the urban chelonian trade and its trends to better understand the impact on free-living populations in the Northern Peruvian Amazon. We studied the urban trade of wild chelonians by conducting 526 days of participant observation and structured questionnaires with the main chelonian vendors in the wet markets of Iquitos between 2006 and 2018. The trade of chelonians decreased by -161.6%, from 22,694 individuals in 2006/07 to 8657 individuals in 2017/18. Chelonoidis denticulatus was the species sold the most (86.3%), followed by Podocnemis unifilis (13.6%). Podocnemis expansa was only sold in 2006/07. River turtle sales increased in the dry season, while sales of Chelonoidis denticulatus decreased. Turtles were the most expensive meat sold in urban markets: 49.7% more expensive than the most frequently consumed fish, Prochilodus nigricans, and 48.4% more expensive than poultry. Turtles represented only 0.19% (SD 0.23) of the index of domestic meat and fish consumption per capita. River turtle eggs are sold by a different set of vendors, and in 2017/18, 570,229 eggs were traded in the market of Belén in Iquitos, equivalent to an approximate lay of 10,418 P. unifilis and 1178 P. expansa females. The high magnitude of the trade of river turtle eggs together with the reduction in their meat trade suggests a prioritization of egg sales, which should improve the conservation of adults, since meat sales can be detrimental to chelonian populations. Keywords: tortoises; river turtles; Podocnemis; Chelonoidis; eggs; wild meat; urban markets Author: Pedro Mayor, Richard Bodmer, Kelly Moya, Samantha Solis, Maire Kirkland, Pedro Perez-Peña, Tula Fang and Martí Orta-Martínez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Fri Nov 8 10:23:00 2024 CET ModDate: Fri Nov 8 10:26:00 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3262098 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 YEDMJU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 SWJHZH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 VAFZLS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 WTPQBM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 32 0 JXUOBY+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 37 0 TGFZHI+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 67 0 IDHFFO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 82 0 IDHFFP+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 85 0 IDHFGA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 91 0 IDHFGC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 94 0 IDHFKC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 97 0 IDHFFO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 121 0 IDHFFP+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 124 0 IDHFGA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 130 0 IDHFGC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 133 0 IDHFKD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 136 0 IDHJHN+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 IDHFFO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 IDHFGA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 156 0 IDHFGC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 IDHFKC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 162 0 IDHFKD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 165 0 VHSGBB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 173 0 IDHFFO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 188 0 IDHFFP+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 191 0 IDHFGA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 197 0 IDHFGC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 200 0 IDHFKC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 203 0 IDHFKD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 206 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-12-17 02:57:35 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_11591361.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-12-04 02:21:21 CET Size: 3262098 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 416 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Data Collection Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Estimations of Consumption and Prices Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Chelonian Trade and Consumption Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Prices and Economic Profit of Chelonians Traded Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Vendors’ Performance and Profiles Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Trends in Urban Wild Meat Trade of Chelonians (Turtles and Tortoises) in the Peruvian Amazon Author: Pedro Mayor, Richard Bodmer, Kelly Moya, Samantha Solis, Maire Kirkland, Pedro Perez-Peña, Tula Fang and Martí Orta-Martínez Subject: Culturally, chelonians are important sources of nutrition and income for rural and urban people in tropical rainforests, but urban trade can cause declines in wild populations. This study analyses the urban chelonian trade and its trends to better understand the impact on free-living populations in the Northern Peruvian Amazon. We studied the urban trade of wild chelonians by conducting 526 days of participant observation and structured questionnaires with the main chelonian vendors in the wet markets of Iquitos between 2006 and 2018. The trade of chelonians decreased by -161.6%, from 22,694 individuals in 2006/07 to 8657 individuals in 2017/18. Chelonoidis denticulatus was the species sold the most (86.3%), followed by Podocnemis unifilis (13.6%). Podocnemis expansa was only sold in 2006/07. River turtle sales increased in the dry season, while sales of Chelonoidis denticulatus decreased. Turtles were the most expensive meat sold in urban markets: 49.7% more expensive than the most frequently consumed fish, Prochilodus nigricans, and 48.4% more expensive than poultry. Turtles represented only 0.19% (SD 0.23) of the index of domestic meat and fish consumption per capita. River turtle eggs are sold by a different set of vendors, and in 2017/18, 570,229 eggs were traded in the market of Belén in Iquitos, equivalent to an approximate lay of 10,418 P. unifilis and 1178 P. expansa females. The high magnitude of the trade of river turtle eggs together with the reduction in their meat trade suggests a prioritization of egg sales, which should improve the conservation of adults, since meat sales can be detrimental to chelonian populations. Keywords: tortoises; river turtles; Podocnemis; Chelonoidis; eggs; wild meat; urban markets Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Fri Nov 08 10:23:00 CET 2024 ModDate: Fri Nov 08 10:26:00 CET 2024 ID: 0x85cbbc05b04da4ba76c46493e3b85b91, 0x85cbbc05b04da4ba76c46493e3b85b91 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: YEDMJU+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: YEDMJU+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: WTPQBM+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 48 FontDescriptor: FontName: WTPQBM+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: TGFZHI+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: TGFZHI+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: 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