a070e0c7ee5e35d19f2d833ac6ba7aa2 pmc_11643907.pdf b6b34245de7500273c9be3eaf86574d3348090e0 pmc_11643907.pdf e571479d5d2feebd35e1e98cbec6edc007249de7aaae3ec46c5cbaa4af93c6b8 pmc_11643907.pdf Title: Reproductive Toxicity of Nanomaterials Using Silver Nanoparticles and Drosophila as Models Subject: Reproductive toxicity is of special concern among the harmful effects induced by environmental pollutants; consequently, further studies on such a topic are required. To avoid the use of mammalians, lower eukaryotes like Drosophila are viable alternatives. This study addresses the gap in understanding the link between reproductive adverse outcomes and the presence of pollutants in reproductive organs by using Drosophila. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were selected for their ease of internalization, detection, and widespread environmental presence. Both male and female flies were exposed to AgNPs (28 4 nm, 100 and 400 g/mL) for one week. Internalization and bioaccumulation of AgNPs in organs were assessed using transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Substantial accumulation of AgNPs in the gastrointestinal tract, Malpighian tubules, hemolymph, reproductive organs (ovaries and testes), and gametes were observed. The highest AgNP content was observed in testes. Exposure to AgNPs reduced ovary size and fecundity, though fertility and gender ratios of the offspring were unaffected. Significant deregulation of reproductive-related genes was observed, particularly in males. These findings underscore the utility of Drosophila as a model for evaluating reproductive hazards posed by AgNP exposure. The ease of AgNP internalization in Drosophila reproductive targets could be extrapolated to mammalians, raising concerns about the potential impacts of nanoparticle exposure on reproduction toxicity in humans. Keywords: AgNPs; ovary/testis internalization; gene expression changes; Drosophila melanogaster; reproductive toxicity Author: Mohamed Alaraby, Doaa Abass, Javier Gutiérrez, Antonia Velázquez, Alba Hernández and Ricard Marcos Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Mon Dec 9 09:42:23 2024 CET ModDate: Mon Dec 9 09:55:44 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 7112122 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- GIFXFT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 JNVRMG+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 16 0 NEJCML+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 21 0 EBKBRU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 RKZSLL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 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2025-02-12 02:33:09 CET Size: 7112122 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 1167 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Feeding/Exposure Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Internalization Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Ovary Size Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Fecundity and Fertility Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Gene Expression Induction Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: AgNPs Obtention Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Experimental Design Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: AgNP Juice Mix Preparation Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Fecundity and Fertility Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Ag Concentration Quantification with ICP-MS Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: AgNP Internalization Destination: subsection.3.6 Item: Title: TEM Investigation Destination: subsection.3.7 Item: Title: Confocal Microscopy Destination: subsection.3.8 Item: Title: Molecular Response (Real-Time PCR) Destination: subsection.3.9 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.3.10 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Reproductive Toxicity of Nanomaterials Using Silver Nanoparticles and Drosophila as Models Author: Mohamed Alaraby, Doaa Abass, Javier Gutiérrez, Antonia Velázquez, Alba Hernández and Ricard Marcos Subject: Reproductive toxicity is of special concern among the harmful effects induced by environmental pollutants; consequently, further studies on such a topic are required. To avoid the use of mammalians, lower eukaryotes like Drosophila are viable alternatives. This study addresses the gap in understanding the link between reproductive adverse outcomes and the presence of pollutants in reproductive organs by using Drosophila. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were selected for their ease of internalization, detection, and widespread environmental presence. Both male and female flies were exposed to AgNPs (28 4 nm, 100 and 400 g/mL) for one week. Internalization and bioaccumulation of AgNPs in organs were assessed using transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Substantial accumulation of AgNPs in the gastrointestinal tract, Malpighian tubules, hemolymph, reproductive organs (ovaries and testes), and gametes were observed. The highest AgNP content was observed in testes. Exposure to AgNPs reduced ovary size and fecundity, though fertility and gender ratios of the offspring were unaffected. Significant deregulation of reproductive-related genes was observed, particularly in males. These findings underscore the utility of Drosophila as a model for evaluating reproductive hazards posed by AgNP exposure. The ease of AgNP internalization in Drosophila reproductive targets could be extrapolated to mammalians, raising concerns about the potential impacts of nanoparticle exposure on reproduction toxicity in humans. 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