09499b3744968fd87e070022d8c9dc49 pmc_11672848.pdf 30be2b43ffe9a7eacf7a2df97f83149382bc7ba8 pmc_11672848.pdf b20a5eb3e9ee091af7a334418d0b42252abf2f6912d071c53907d1f80851df05 pmc_11672848.pdf Title: Assessing the Variability of Energy Metabolisability in Barley, Rye, and Wheat Varieties for Broiler Diets Subject: This trial assessed the variability of energy metabolisability in four varieties of barley, rye, and wheat based on changes in energy and nutrient flow estimations in excreta. Twelve diets were created by combining 40% of each cereal variety and 60% of a common mixture, divided into enzyme-supplemented and non-supplemented versions, resulting in 24 experimental diets that included TiO2 and Yb2O3 as indigestible markers. A total of 432 one-day-old broilers were distributed into 72 cages and fed a single diet from day 1 to 15. Experimental runs were conducted from day 16 to 25 using a crossover design. Diets were alternated between enzyme-supplemented and non-supplemented for each cage. Excreta samples were collected on days 20 and 25. Energy metabolisability was highest (p < 0.001) in wheat (83.3%), followed by barley (77.8%) and lowest in rye (70.6%). The variety influenced energy metabolisability in barley and wheat (p < 0.001) at a wider range than predicted by NIR analyses. The variety influenced the increment of energy in response to enzyme supplementation in barley diets (p < 0.05), with varieties having low metabolisability values showing higher responses. TiO2 and Yb2O3 did not differ in estimating nutrient flow. This study quantifies energy variability among and within cereals and identifies potential variation factors. Keywords: metabolisable energy; cereal variability; nutrient flow; broiler Author: Ibtissam Kaikat, David Solà-Oriol and José Francisco Pérez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Tue Dec 10 10:32:29 2024 CET ModDate: Tue Dec 10 10:41:15 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 956467 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MWJZGO+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 VRVISF+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 WCYFTZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 FHSWBN+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 NBMIUS+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 QMDDXF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 62 0 CAMXTK+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 67 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 78 0 SOSTRQ+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 83 0 DXJXEP+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 91 0 DZHGJP+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 96 0 ZYYJXI+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 107 0 EMLBDF+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 131 0 EMLABE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 134 0 EMLABF+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 137 0 EMLABG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 EMLABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 146 0 EMLAJG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 149 0 PDXFNG+PazoMath-Bold Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 160 0 EMLBDF+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 178 0 EMLABE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 181 0 EMLABF+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 184 0 EMLABG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 190 0 EMLABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 193 0 EMLAJG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 196 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-15 02:46:10 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_11672848.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-11 02:32:18 CET Size: 956467 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 411 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Bird Management, Husbandry, Experimental Design, and Diets Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Excreta Sampling Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Laboratory Analyses Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Calculations Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Cereal and Diet Analyses Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Energy and Nutrient Flow in Excreta Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Metabolisability of Energy Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Critical Evaluation of the Method Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Variability of Energy Value Among Cereals and Varieties Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Enzyme Addition Response Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Ytterbium as Indigestible Marker Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: appendix.A. Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.B. Info: Title: Assessing the Variability of Energy Metabolisability in Barley, Rye, and Wheat Varieties for Broiler Diets Author: Ibtissam Kaikat, David Solà-Oriol and José Francisco Pérez Subject: This trial assessed the variability of energy metabolisability in four varieties of barley, rye, and wheat based on changes in energy and nutrient flow estimations in excreta. Twelve diets were created by combining 40% of each cereal variety and 60% of a common mixture, divided into enzyme-supplemented and non-supplemented versions, resulting in 24 experimental diets that included TiO2 and Yb2O3 as indigestible markers. A total of 432 one-day-old broilers were distributed into 72 cages and fed a single diet from day 1 to 15. Experimental runs were conducted from day 16 to 25 using a crossover design. Diets were alternated between enzyme-supplemented and non-supplemented for each cage. Excreta samples were collected on days 20 and 25. Energy metabolisability was highest (p < 0.001) in wheat (83.3%), followed by barley (77.8%) and lowest in rye (70.6%). The variety influenced energy metabolisability in barley and wheat (p < 0.001) at a wider range than predicted by NIR analyses. The variety influenced the increment of energy in response to enzyme supplementation in barley diets (p < 0.05), with varieties having low metabolisability values showing higher responses. TiO2 and Yb2O3 did not differ in estimating nutrient flow. This study quantifies energy variability among and within cereals and identifies potential variation factors. 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