5d1cf09dc8e524ff57d927fca79b5c0b pmc_11680236.pdf d9d1f65c675586db09a6460ed718afc30c58bd3f pmc_11680236.pdf 0213cd224a078c2b470425b58e707d52eafe0b0d579c3c64c8f1942134051a3f pmc_11680236.pdf Title: Effect of a Broiler-Specific Light Spectrum on Growth Performance and Adrenocortical Activity in Chickens: A Pilot Study on a Commercial Farm Subject: This study evaluated the effect of a broiler-specific light spectrum on productive performance corticosterone (fCC) and androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (fDHEA) concentrations in feathers, and glucocorticoid (GCMs) and androgen (AMs) metabolites in droppings of broilers. Two groups of female Ross 308 broilers were reared under white LED (WL, n = 9000) and broiler-specific LED (BSL, n = 9000) lights. The body weight (BW) of 150 randomly selected animals/groups was measured weekly. Droppings and feathers were collected at the end of the cycle (29 days) from 20 animals/group. The BSL group showed higher final BW than WL (1407 11 vs. 1341 15 g, respectively; p < 0.001) and higher indices of uniformity (76.8% vs. 61.2% animals in the 10% around the mean, respectively; p < 0.001). No difference between groups was found in fCC and fDHEA concentrations or in the fCC–fDHEA, indicating similar long-term HPA axis activity during the cycle. A higher concentration of GCMs was found in the BSL group, indicating higher glucocorticoid secretion before sampling, with neither a difference in AMs nor in GCMs–AMs. Finally, there was a positive correlation between fCC and fDHEA and between GCMs and AMs (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the use of broiler-specific light improved the productivity performances of chickens without long-term consequences on HPA activation. However, the results of this pilot study in a commercial farm setting must be interpreted with caution and need confirmation. Keywords: chickens; broiler-specific light; LED; performances; corticosterone; dehydroepiandrosterone; animal-based measures Author: Livio Galosi, Luca Todini, Laura Menchetti, Annaïs Carbajal, Rupert Palme, Nicola Ruggiero, Roberto Falconi and Alessandra Roncarati Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Mon Dec 2 11:29:22 2024 CET ModDate: Mon Dec 2 11:40:01 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2437483 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- FCPWLZ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 ZSWBFG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 ZXZSFP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 WHFARD+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 KXDJCR+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 32 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 76 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 80 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 84 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 88 0 TTUGMO+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 100 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 109 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 113 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 121 0 TimesNewRomanPSMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes no yes 127 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 139 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 152 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 156 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 164 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 176 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 180 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 184 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 188 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 195 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 201 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 214 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 218 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 222 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 226 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 242 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 246 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 250 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 254 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 261 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 287 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-15 02:46:08 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_11680236.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-12 02:33:06 CET Size: 2437483 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 518 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Animals and Husbandry Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Lighting Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Feather and Dropping Collection Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Steroid Assays Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Statistics Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Body Weight and Productive Performances Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Corticosterone and DHEA in Feathers, Glucocorticoid and Androgen Metabolites in Droppings Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Effect of a Broiler-Specific Light Spectrum on Growth Performance and Adrenocortical Activity in Chickens: A Pilot Study on a Commercial Farm Author: Livio Galosi, Luca Todini, Laura Menchetti, Annaïs Carbajal, Rupert Palme, Nicola Ruggiero, Roberto Falconi and Alessandra Roncarati Subject: This study evaluated the effect of a broiler-specific light spectrum on productive performance corticosterone (fCC) and androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (fDHEA) concentrations in feathers, and glucocorticoid (GCMs) and androgen (AMs) metabolites in droppings of broilers. Two groups of female Ross 308 broilers were reared under white LED (WL, n = 9000) and broiler-specific LED (BSL, n = 9000) lights. The body weight (BW) of 150 randomly selected animals/groups was measured weekly. Droppings and feathers were collected at the end of the cycle (29 days) from 20 animals/group. The BSL group showed higher final BW than WL (1407 11 vs. 1341 15 g, respectively; p < 0.001) and higher indices of uniformity (76.8% vs. 61.2% animals in the 10% around the mean, respectively; p < 0.001). No difference between groups was found in fCC and fDHEA concentrations or in the fCC fDHEA, indicating similar long-term HPA axis activity during the cycle. A higher concentration of GCMs was found in the BSL group, indicating higher glucocorticoid secretion before sampling, with neither a difference in AMs nor in GCMs AMs. Finally, there was a positive correlation between fCC and fDHEA and between GCMs and AMs (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the use of broiler-specific light improved the productivity performances of chickens without long-term consequences on HPA activation. However, the results of this pilot study in a commercial farm setting must be interpreted with caution and need confirmation. Keywords: chickens; broiler-specific light; LED; performances; corticosterone; dehydroepiandrosterone; animal-based measures Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Mon Dec 02 11:29:22 CET 2024 ModDate: Mon Dec 02 11:40:01 CET 2024 ID: 0x01582d49f2ef85551337c1fb06111543, 0x01582d49f2ef85551337c1fb06111543 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: ZSWBFG+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 239 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZSWBFG+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: KXDJCR+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: KXDJCR+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: TTUGMO+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 12 LastChar: 26 FontDescriptor: FontName: TTUGMO+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: ZXZSFP+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZXZSFP+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: FCPWLZ+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: FCPWLZ+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: WHFARD+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 39 LastChar: 228 FontDescriptor: FontName: WHFARD+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 112 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: MPUDFL+PazoMath FontSubset: true FirstChar: 68 LastChar: 68 FontDescriptor: FontName: MPUDFL+PazoMath Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 878, 946 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 51, 291, 152, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 281, 82, 288 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 149, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 187, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 642, 114, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 184, 642, 195, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 286, 642, 297, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 380, 642, 391, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 642, 473, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 239, 631, 250, 643 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 111, 17, 256, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 416, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 400, 87, 419 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 703, 378, 712 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 472, 703, 479, 712 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 640, 438, 649 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 441, 640, 448, 649 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 577, 193, 586 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 552, 556, 561 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 449, 539, 456, 549 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 527, 214, 536 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 527, 226, 536 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 489, 328, 498 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 489, 341, 498 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 341, 489, 353, 498 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 212, 452, 224, 461 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 225, 452, 237, 461 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 452, 413, 461 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 427, 457, 436 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 458, 427, 470, 436 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 473, 427, 485, 436 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 414, 359, 423 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 366, 402, 377, 411 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 401, 390, 411 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 402, 402, 411 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 412, 376, 424, 385 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 425, 376, 436, 385 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 437, 376, 449, 385 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 351, 365, 360 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 339, 208, 348 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 203, 314, 215, 323 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 301, 364, 310 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 263, 255, 272 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 264, 383, 272 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 238, 407, 247 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 370, 213, 382, 222 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 213, 394, 222 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 201, 388, 210 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 188, 424, 197 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 163, 477, 172 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 138, 555, 147 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 113, 445, 122 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 113, 458, 122 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 406, 88, 418, 97 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 75, 211, 84 ActionDest: 281 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 718, 555, 727 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 212, 693, 224, 702 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 693, 236, 702 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 681, 294, 690 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 681, 537, 690 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 250, 435, 262 ActionDest: 65 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 212, 440, 224 ActionDest: 65 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 230, 546, 239 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 230, 556, 239 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 152, 206, 164 ActionDest: 68 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 518, 340, 530, 349 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 228, 556, 237 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 301, 202, 313, 211 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 314, 202, 326, 211 ActionDest: 281 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 300, 655, 312, 665 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 643, 314, 652 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 643, 434, 652 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 266, 517, 278, 526 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 401, 360, 413 ActionDest: 96 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 212, 741, 219, 753 ActionDest: 136 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 247, 203, 259 ActionDest: 144 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 364, 247, 371, 259 ActionDest: 144 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 234, 203, 246 ActionDest: 144 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 184, 420, 196 ActionDest: 144 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 171, 424, 183 ActionDest: 144 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 425, 159, 432, 171 ActionDest: 234 Page: Sequence: 8 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 407, 468, 419 ActionDest: 136 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 551, 382, 557, 394 ActionDest: 234 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 681, 518, 690 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 655, 228, 665 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 656, 240, 665 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 241, 655, 253, 665 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 494, 643, 506, 652 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 605, 556, 614 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 580, 407, 589 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 518, 580, 530, 589 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 346, 568, 358, 577 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 375, 442, 387, 451 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 417, 490, 426 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 408, 404, 420, 414 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 342, 555, 351 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 215, 291, 222, 301 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 291, 235, 301 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 291, 247, 301 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 248, 291, 260, 301 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 291, 272, 301 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 313, 266, 320, 275 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 266, 333, 275 ActionDest: 281 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 731, 205, 740 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 206, 718, 218, 727 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 706, 214, 715 ActionDest: 278 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 706, 226, 715 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 706, 241, 715 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 312, 530, 324, 539 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 530, 337, 539 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 286, 442, 298, 451 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 298, 442, 310, 451 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 442, 413, 451 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 528, 417, 540, 426 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 417, 555, 426 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 404, 207, 414 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 404, 341, 414 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 279, 354, 290, 363 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 317, 556, 326 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 231, 304, 243, 313 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 392, 279, 404, 288 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 279, 556, 288 ActionDest: 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 204, 257, 213 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 191, 277, 200 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 178, 363, 188 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 179, 492, 188 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 291, 153, 303, 162 ActionDest: 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 191, 78, 203, 87 ActionDest: 284 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 240, 560, 251 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 228, 353, 239 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 122, 617, 160, 627 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 582, 311, 593 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 156, 548, 193, 558 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 548, 236, 558 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 524, 438, 535 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 501, 503, 512 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 501, 545, 512 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 479, 168, 489 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 456, 389, 466 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 440, 444, 478, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 157, 387, 195, 397 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 352, 168, 362 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 328, 283, 339 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 305, 342, 316 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 283, 213, 293 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 260, 132, 270 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 291, 236, 328, 247 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 214, 133, 224 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 180, 168, 190 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 496, 156, 533, 167 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 110, 372, 121 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 87, 485, 98 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 730, 251, 741 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 180, 707, 217, 718 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 695, 543, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 185, 673, 223, 683 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 661, 557, 671 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 638, 250, 648 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 614, 264, 625 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 592, 396, 602 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 568, 267, 579 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 546, 261, 556 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 522, 388, 533 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 336, 499, 373, 510 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 461, 488, 499, 499 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 183, 466, 220, 476 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 442, 544, 453 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 420, 96, 430 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 396, 557, 407 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 327, 444, 338 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 305, 168, 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 292, 560, 303 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 281, 309, 292 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 511, 235, 548, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 200, 237, 211 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 200, 279, 211 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 172, 178, 209, 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 155, 280, 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 132, 301, 142 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 483, 74, 521, 85 Page: Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 147, 730, 184, 741 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 122, 696, 160, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 672, 470, 683 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 672, 513, 683 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 649, 244, 660 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 250, 649, 286, 660 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 364, 626, 402, 637 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 614, 447, 625 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 155, 592, 192, 602 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 569, 261, 579 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 277, 545, 314, 556 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 522, 557, 533 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 499, 461, 510 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 466, 133, 476 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 405, 442, 442, 453 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 442, 484, 453 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 435, 419, 473, 430 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 479, 419, 515, 430 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 377, 396, 414, 407 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 421, 396, 457, 407 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 113, 362, 150, 372 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 156, 362, 192, 372 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 438, 338, 475, 349 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 316, 294, 326 Checksum: 508262df Type: CRC32 Checksum: 5d1cf09dc8e524ff57d927fca79b5c0b Type: MD5 Checksum: d9d1f65c675586db09a6460ed718afc30c58bd3f Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 0213cd224a078c2b470425b58e707d52eafe0b0d579c3c64c8f1942134051a3f Type: SHA-256