2ba70616e57622974a2b538b6b99e17e nutrients-17-01279.pdf 23b41345cc1e37f4fd8c6d4fc1c6e75c185e0566 nutrients-17-01279.pdf 9627a761697e5b9d12c06f5f31ff77cb96f58495b666e52ff1d8fc1e57de6016 nutrients-17-01279.pdf Title: Exploring Food Addiction Across Several Behavioral Addictions: Analysis of Clinical Relevance Subject: Background/Objectives: Recently, interest in studying food addiction (FA) in the context of behavioral addictions (BAs) has increased. However, research remains limited to determine the FA prevalence among various BAs. The current study aimed to investigate FA in a clinical sample of patients seeking treatment for gaming disorder, compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD), compulsive sexual behavior disorder, and the comorbid presence of multiple BAs, as well as to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, and general psychopathology of this clinical population. In addition, we analyzed whether FA is linked to a higher mean body mass index (BMI). Methods: The sample included 209 patients (135 men and 74 women) attending a specialized behavioral addiction unit. The assessment included a semi-structured clinical interview for the diagnosis of the abovementioned BAs, in addition to self-reported psychometric assessments for FA (using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2. 0, YFAS-2), CBSD (using the Pathological Buying Screener, PBS), general psychopathology (using the Symptom Checklist-Revised, SCL-90-R), personality traits (using the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, TCI-R), emotional regulation (using Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies, DERS), and impulsivity (using Impulsive Behavior Scale, UPPS-P). The comparison between the groups for the clinical profile was performed using logistic regression (categorical variables) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted based on the patients’ gender. The sociodemographic profile was based on chi-square tests for categorical variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for quantitative measures. Results: The prevalence of FA in the total sample was 22.49%. The highest prevalence of FA was observed in CBSD (31.3%), followed by gaming disorder (24.7%), and the comorbid presence of multiple BAs (14.3%). No group differences (FA+/-) were found in relation to sociodemographic variables, but the comorbidity between FA and any BA was associated more with females as well as having greater general psychopathology, greater emotional dysregulation, higher levels of impulsivity, and a higher mean BMI. Conclusions: The comorbidity between FA and BA is high compared to previous studies (22.49%), and it is also associated with greater severity and dysfunctionality. Emotional distress levels were high, which suggests that the group with this comorbidity may be employing FA behaviors to cope with psychological distress. However, a better understanding of the latent mechanisms that contribute to the progression of this multifaceted comorbid clinical disorder is needed. One aspect that future studies could consider is to explore the existence of FA symptoms early and routinely in patients with BAs. Keywords: food addiction; addictive behaviors; clinical profile; gaming disorder; compulsive buying-shopping disorder; compulsive sexual behavior disorder Author: Anahí Gaspar-Pérez, Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Magda Rosinska, Cristina Artero, Silvia Ruiz-Torras, Ashley N Gearhardt, Zsolt Demetrovics, Joan Guàrdia-Olmos and Susana Jiménez-Murcia Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Sun Apr 6 10:51:31 2025 CEST ModDate: Sun Apr 6 11:55:05 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 781653 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WNWTFR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 WYMAHD+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 TLSYPD+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 LTGXBQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 KDBHPG+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 CNXSVA+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 61 0 YKPVKG+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 75 0 TCVRXC+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 83 0 BJIFBA+Arial-BoldMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 97 0 BJIFCB+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 BJICJG+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 BJICJI+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 106 0 BJICJJ+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 109 0 BJICJK+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 115 0 BJICNJ+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 118 0 BJIDNE+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 121 0 BJIDNF+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 127 0 BJIFCB+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 133 0 BJIFPO+ArialNarrow-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 136 0 BJICJG+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 BJICJI+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 142 0 BJICJJ+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 145 0 BJICJK+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 151 0 BJICNJ+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 154 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-04-15 02:08:10 CEST RepresentationInformation: nutrients-17-01279.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-04-14 06:09:53 CEST Size: 781653 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 545 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Participants and Procedure Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Assessment Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Semi-Structured Clinical Interview Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: Self-Report Measures Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Description of the Sample Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Presence of FA and Comparison Between Behavioral Addiction Subtypes Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Variables Associated with the Presence of a Positive FA Screening Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Limitations and Strengths Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.6 Item: Title: Clinical Implications Destination: section.7 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Exploring Food Addiction Across Several Behavioral Addictions: Analysis of Clinical Relevance Author: Anahí Gaspar-Pérez, Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Magda Rosinska, Cristina Artero, Silvia Ruiz-Torras, Ashley N Gearhardt, Zsolt Demetrovics, Joan Guàrdia-Olmos and Susana Jiménez-Murcia Subject: Background/Objectives: Recently, interest in studying food addiction (FA) in the context of behavioral addictions (BAs) has increased. However, research remains limited to determine the FA prevalence among various BAs. The current study aimed to investigate FA in a clinical sample of patients seeking treatment for gaming disorder, compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD), compulsive sexual behavior disorder, and the comorbid presence of multiple BAs, as well as to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, and general psychopathology of this clinical population. In addition, we analyzed whether FA is linked to a higher mean body mass index (BMI). Methods: The sample included 209 patients (135 men and 74 women) attending a specialized behavioral addiction unit. The assessment included a semi-structured clinical interview for the diagnosis of the abovementioned BAs, in addition to self-reported psychometric assessments for FA (using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2. 0, YFAS-2), CBSD (using the Pathological Buying Screener, PBS), general psychopathology (using the Symptom Checklist-Revised, SCL-90-R), personality traits (using the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, TCI-R), emotional regulation (using Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies, DERS), and impulsivity (using Impulsive Behavior Scale, UPPS-P). The comparison between the groups for the clinical profile was performed using logistic regression (categorical variables) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted based on the patients’ gender. The sociodemographic profile was based on chi-square tests for categorical variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for quantitative measures. Results: The prevalence of FA in the total sample was 22.49%. The highest prevalence of FA was observed in CBSD (31.3%), followed by gaming disorder (24.7%), and the comorbid presence of multiple BAs (14.3%). No group differences (FA+/-) were found in relation to sociodemographic variables, but the comorbidity between FA and any BA was associated more with females as well as having greater general psychopathology, greater emotional dysregulation, higher levels of impulsivity, and a higher mean BMI. Conclusions: The comorbidity between FA and BA is high compared to previous studies (22.49%), and it is also associated with greater severity and dysfunctionality. Emotional distress levels were high, which suggests that the group with this comorbidity may be employing FA behaviors to cope with psychological distress. However, a better understanding of the latent mechanisms that contribute to the progression of this multifaceted comorbid clinical disorder is needed. One aspect that future studies could consider is to explore the existence of FA symptoms early and routinely in patients with BAs. 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