a1194be700983240fba4d6012448c7a4 Structural_Pattern_Analysis_in_Patella_vulgata_Shells_Using_Raman_Imaging.pdf 9a4613a626b305a2bb09e01a1347ca6c0edcb6a6 Structural_Pattern_Analysis_in_Patella_vulgata_Shells_Using_Raman_Imaging.pdf 57ffa4a950b50c0401872acf7286a8f0485fcc8f862573ff4bc12e051ae4ecc2 Structural_Pattern_Analysis_in_Patella_vulgata_Shells_Using_Raman_Imaging.pdf Title: Structural Pattern Analysis in Patella vulgata Shells Using Raman Imaging Subject: Patella vulgata shells preserve geochemical and structural variations that can provide insights into past environmental conditions. Their composition, primarily calcium carbonate with organic residues from the biomineralization process, is influenced by external factors, such as sea surface temperature. Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a rapid, non-destructive tool for studying biogenic carbonates, enabling the identification of crystalline phases, organic components, and ion distribution. In this study, Raman imaging was applied to six shell sections of P. vulgata live-collected from Langre Beach in Cantabria, Spain. Spectral data were acquired using a Raman probe with a 532 nm excitation laser, providing high-resolution mapping of structural and compositional features. The analysis revealed spatial variations in mineralogy, organic matrix distribution, and ion incorporation in the calcium carbonate lattice, suggesting patterns originating during shell formation. Notably, the results suggest a consistent relationship between the organic and mineral components of the shells, with carotenoid distribution and carbonate ion substitution in the calcium carbonate lattice following similar growth patterns. These findings highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for studying biomineralization processes and the environmental records preserved in marine mollusk shells. Keywords: mollusk shells; Patella vulgata; Raman imaging; trace elements; spectroscopy Author: María Gabriela Fernández-Manteca, Borja García García, Celia Gómez-Galdós, Jesús Mirapeix, Rosa Arniz-Mateos, Asier García-Escárzaga, Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti, José Francisco Algorri, José Miguel López-Higuera, Alain A. Ocampo-Sosa, Luis Rodríguez-Cobo and Adolfo Cobo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Wed May 7 07:32:03 2025 CEST ModDate: Wed May 7 07:38:10 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 12585129 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 KAWKWK+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 HRHCHS+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 KBZEAR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 RDHZLK+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 QMDDXF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 64 0 FGNIFF+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 79 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 85 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 88 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 94 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 97 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 100 0 FGNIFF+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 114 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 123 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 129 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 132 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 135 0 DOJRBU+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 145 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 179 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 182 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 188 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 191 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 194 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 253 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 256 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 262 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 265 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 268 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 331 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 334 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 340 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 343 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 346 0 FGNPCO+Calibri CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 380 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 386 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 389 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 395 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 398 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 401 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 415 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 418 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 424 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 427 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 430 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 445 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 448 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 454 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 457 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 460 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 476 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 479 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 485 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 488 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 491 0 FGNHFC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 505 0 FGNHFD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 508 0 FGNHFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 514 0 FGNHFF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 517 0 FGNHFG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 523 0 FGNHJI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 526 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-05-28 02:55:49 CEST RepresentationInformation: Structural_Pattern_Analysis_in_Patella_vulgata_Shells_Using_Raman_Imaging.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-05-27 03:29:16 CEST Size: 12585129 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 810 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Growth Variability and Environmental Influence on P. vulgata Shells Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Shell Structure of P. vulgata Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Sample Preparation Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Raman Spectroscopy Measurements Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Laser Wavelength Stability Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Raman Band Assignment in P. vulgata Shell Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Spatial Distribution of Aragonite and Calcite Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Pigment Distribution and Variations Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Carbonate Ion Substitution in the CaCO3 Lattice Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Structural Pattern Analysis in Patella vulgata Shells Using Raman Imaging Author: María Gabriela Fernández-Manteca, Borja García García, Celia Gómez-Galdós, Jesús Mirapeix, Rosa Arniz-Mateos, Asier García-Escárzaga, Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti, José Francisco Algorri, José Miguel López-Higuera, Alain A. Ocampo-Sosa, Luis Rodríguez-Cobo and Adolfo Cobo Subject: Patella vulgata shells preserve geochemical and structural variations that can provide insights into past environmental conditions. Their composition, primarily calcium carbonate with organic residues from the biomineralization process, is influenced by external factors, such as sea surface temperature. Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a rapid, non-destructive tool for studying biogenic carbonates, enabling the identification of crystalline phases, organic components, and ion distribution. In this study, Raman imaging was applied to six shell sections of P. vulgata live-collected from Langre Beach in Cantabria, Spain. Spectral data were acquired using a Raman probe with a 532 nm excitation laser, providing high-resolution mapping of structural and compositional features. The analysis revealed spatial variations in mineralogy, organic matrix distribution, and ion incorporation in the calcium carbonate lattice, suggesting patterns originating during shell formation. Notably, the results suggest a consistent relationship between the organic and mineral components of the shells, with carotenoid distribution and carbonate ion substitution in the calcium carbonate lattice following similar growth patterns. These findings highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for studying biomineralization processes and the environmental records preserved in marine mollusk shells. Keywords: mollusk shells; Patella vulgata; Raman imaging; trace elements; spectroscopy Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Wed May 07 07:32:03 CEST 2025 ModDate: Wed May 07 07:38:10 CEST 2025 ID: 0x977138395ac00b992e733cdc9c35b822, 0x977138395ac00b992e733cdc9c35b822 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: RDHZLK+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 80 LastChar: 118 FontDescriptor: FontName: RDHZLK+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: KAWKWK+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: KAWKWK+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: QMDDXF+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 14 FontDescriptor: FontName: QMDDXF+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: DOJRBU+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 22 LastChar: 23 FontDescriptor: FontName: DOJRBU+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: HRHCHS+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 250 FontDescriptor: FontName: HRHCHS+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 177 LastChar: 225 FontDescriptor: FontName: QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: KBZEAR+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: KBZEAR+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 177, 152, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 165, 76, 174 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 36, 75, 152, 84 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 63, 89, 72 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 773, 193, 809 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 773, 560, 809 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 663, 220, 677 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 663, 337, 677 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 663, 459, 677 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 663, 555, 677 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 650, 146, 663 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 650, 510, 663 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 308, 636, 319, 649 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 453, 636, 464, 649 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 624, 151, 635 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 117, 527, 126 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 527, 117, 534, 126 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 89, 556, 98 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 27, 560, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 379, 87, 398 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 486, 745, 493, 754 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 703, 532, 712 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 703, 540, 712 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 255, 661, 262, 670 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 633, 215, 642 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 633, 223, 642 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 319, 605, 331, 614 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 332, 605, 344, 614 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 550, 221, 559 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 549, 233, 559 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 425, 536, 437, 545 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 469, 494, 481, 503 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 472, 466, 484, 475 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 438, 369, 447 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 396, 410, 408, 419 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 382, 264, 391 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 339, 355, 351, 364 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 354, 363, 364 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 364, 354, 376, 364 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 313, 514, 322 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 285, 478, 294 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 481, 285, 493, 294 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 257, 225, 266 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 255, 229, 267, 238 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 159, 516, 169 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 517, 160, 529, 169 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 132, 543, 141 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 132, 556, 141 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 76, 509, 85 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 76, 524, 85 ActionDest: 540 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 381, 744, 388, 754 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 389, 744, 401, 754 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 661, 477, 670 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 661, 489, 670 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 490, 661, 502, 670 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 619, 556, 628 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 342, 577, 354, 586 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 549, 250, 559 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 440, 508, 452, 517 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 250, 452, 262, 461 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 332, 424, 344, 433 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 382, 363, 391 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 341, 232, 350 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 284, 299, 296, 308 ActionDest: 540 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 514, 728, 525, 737 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 686, 335, 695 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 404, 658, 416, 667 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 293, 602, 300, 611 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 250, 574, 257, 583 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 257, 574, 269, 583 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 521, 546, 533, 556 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 187, 463, 199, 472 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 435, 213, 444 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 320, 339, 332, 348 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 482, 325, 489, 334 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 490, 325, 502, 334 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 297, 400, 306 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 269, 478, 278 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 213, 290, 223 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 291, 213, 303, 223 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 213, 315, 223 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 200, 402, 209 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 200, 414, 209 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 197, 458, 209 ActionDest: 69 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 467, 203, 479 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 197, 341, 204, 353 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 356, 62, 363, 74 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 62, 408, 74 ActionDest: 69 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 423, 395, 435 ActionDest: 142 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 689, 429, 698 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 661, 268, 670 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 327, 555, 336 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 242, 213, 249, 225 ActionDest: 211 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 478, 513, 490 ActionDest: 211 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 450, 231, 462 ActionDest: 211 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 316, 450, 323, 462 ActionDest: 211 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 739, 226, 751 ActionDest: 370 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 375, 453, 387, 463 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 384, 556, 393 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 342, 466, 351 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 314, 521, 323 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 522, 314, 534, 323 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 396, 286, 408, 295 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 392, 245, 404, 254 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 312, 203, 324, 212 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 203, 336, 212 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 189, 527, 198 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 528, 189, 540, 198 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 161, 458, 170 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 459, 161, 471, 170 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 161, 483, 170 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 484, 161, 496, 170 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 484, 119, 496, 128 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 76, 226, 88 ActionDest: 405 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 275, 342, 282, 354 ActionDest: 405 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 286, 298, 298 ActionDest: 61 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 122, 556, 131 ActionDest: 540 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 731, 225, 740 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 632, 224, 644 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 367, 299, 374, 311 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 162, 329, 171 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 198, 146, 205, 158 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 289, 146, 296, 158 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 380, 146, 387, 158 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 491, 146, 497, 158 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 132, 441, 144 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 132, 553, 144 ActionDest: 435 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 475, 742, 482, 754 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 392, 717, 404, 726 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 700, 346, 712 ActionDest: 405 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 366, 700, 373, 712 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 616, 225, 630 ActionDest: 466 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 327, 358, 339 ActionDest: 466 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 296, 313, 303, 325 ActionDest: 405 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 364, 299, 371, 311 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 232, 329, 241 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 232, 342, 241 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 342, 232, 354, 241 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 215, 354, 227 ActionDest: 466 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 201, 203, 213 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 120, 466, 130 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 467, 120, 479, 130 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 65, 319, 74 ActionDest: 543 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 278, 676, 290, 685 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 290, 676, 302, 685 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 648, 239, 657 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 620, 509, 629 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 548, 618, 560, 630 ActionDest: 495 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 313, 229, 327 ActionDest: 495 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 368, 285, 382, 297 ActionDest: 142 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 289, 257, 301, 269 ActionDest: 495 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 243, 215, 255 ActionDest: 370 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 259, 201, 266, 213 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 288, 201, 295, 213 ActionDest: 466 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 120, 228, 130 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 120, 240, 130 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 93, 336, 102 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 65, 208, 74 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 62, 456, 74 ActionDest: 495 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 756, 337, 768 ActionDest: 495 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 700, 212, 712 ActionDest: 495 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 672, 441, 684 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 248, 658, 255, 670 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 658, 281, 670 ActionDest: 466 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 644, 531, 656 ActionDest: 495 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 630, 250, 642 ActionDest: 495 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 630, 526, 642 ActionDest: 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 616, 455, 628 ActionDest: 466 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 603, 525, 616 ActionDest: 495 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 508, 341, 517 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 342, 508, 349, 517 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 320, 480, 332, 489 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 332, 480, 344, 489 ActionDest: 540 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 275, 452, 287, 461 ActionDest: 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 287, 452, 299, 461 ActionDest: 540 Page: Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 758, 556, 767 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 744, 472, 754 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 501, 619, 513, 628 ActionDest: 543 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 516, 619, 528, 628 ActionDest: 543 Page: Sequence: 16 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 405, 493, 443, 504 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 468, 301, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 442, 467, 453 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 293, 416, 331, 427 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 237, 392, 275, 402 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 392, 317, 402 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 508, 365, 545, 376 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 487, 340, 525, 351 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 302, 447, 313 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 289, 549, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 514, 251, 551, 262 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 226, 141, 236 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 199, 428, 210 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 199, 470, 210 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 161, 283, 172 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 136, 318, 147 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 331, 124, 369, 134 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 284, 85, 322, 96 Page: Sequence: 17 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 456, 743, 493, 754 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 428, 718, 465, 729 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 693, 146, 703 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 667, 224, 678 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 628, 299, 639 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 168, 591, 206, 601 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 147, 553, 184, 563 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 527, 239, 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 502, 168, 512 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 414, 475, 452, 486 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 450, 146, 461 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 469, 424, 507, 435 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 399, 427, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 373, 469, 384 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 347, 536, 358 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 322, 499, 333 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 297, 168, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 259, 173, 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 308, 233, 346, 244 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 194, 305, 205 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 169, 362, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 360, 143, 398, 154 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 258, 105, 295, 116 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 79, 498, 90 Page: Sequence: 18 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 731, 331, 742 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 706, 168, 716 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 668, 96, 678 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 182, 642, 220, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 226, 642, 262, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 482, 616, 520, 627 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 459, 565, 497, 576 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 565, 539, 576 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 527, 137, 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 502, 172, 512 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 278, 475, 315, 486 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 327, 450, 365, 461 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 112, 361, 150, 371 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 156, 361, 192, 371 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 438, 335, 476, 346 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 118, 310, 155, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 296, 552, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 271, 557, 282 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 245, 363, 256 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 437, 220, 475, 231 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 194, 504, 205 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 212, 156, 250, 167 Checksum: 5c2b6c2b Type: CRC32 Checksum: a1194be700983240fba4d6012448c7a4 Type: MD5 Checksum: 9a4613a626b305a2bb09e01a1347ca6c0edcb6a6 Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 57ffa4a950b50c0401872acf7286a8f0485fcc8f862573ff4bc12e051ae4ecc2 Type: SHA-256