04de695dd5cd9c0b14a429683a94f722 languages_a2025v10n1art12.pdf c0421baf1a3d51a34dec76333d183be08e3c04b4 languages_a2025v10n1art12.pdf 4119339d4b719edfa9395edfaae26deb97347b535560e7a6d7aa9fab017699e8 languages_a2025v10n1art12.pdf Title: An Acoustic Study of Romanian Stressed Vowels with Special Reference to Mid Central [ɨ-.4] and [ə] Subject: The present study is concerned with some aspects of the production of [ɨ] and [ə] in Romanian, i.e., their position within the vowel space, degree of acoustic variability and acoustic duration. To this end, acoustic data were collected for the Romanian stressed vowels [i e a o u ɨ ə] produced by six speakers in controlled consonantal context conditions and real and nonsense words. The formant frequency data reveal that [ɨ] and [ə] do not overlap along the F1 dimension, which may be ascribed to the need to set in contrast the two central vowels phonologically. Moreover, [ɨ] is clearly more variable in F2, and thus in vowel fronting, than schwa. Regarding segmental duration, [ɨ] is as short as high vowels and shorter than schwa, whose duration is comparable to that of mid vowels. The phonetic characteristics for stressed schwa in Romanian are in contrast with those for the same vowel in other world’s languages, in which it is highly variable and shorter than all or most peripheral vowels. This behaviour may be attributed to the existence of two central vowels, while suggesting that [ə] has a well-defined articulatory target in the Romanian language. Keywords: central vowels; phonological contrast; Romanian; acoustic analysis Author: Daniel Recasens and Fernando Sánchez-Miret Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: xdvipdfmx (20220710) CreationDate: Wed Jan 15 10:51:05 2025 CET ModDate: Wed Jan 15 11:00:00 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.28 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3124603 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YFAGSN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 9 0 LNXHCR+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 16 0 MXQPBB+TeX-tipa8 Type 1C Builtin yes yes yes 23 0 AOMSFT+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 28 0 HEMWPI+TeX-tipa17 Type 1C Builtin yes yes yes 35 0 QJOJNN+VNR8 Type 1C Builtin yes yes yes 40 0 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ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-01-21 19:59:46 CET Size: 3124603 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 810 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Formant Frequency Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Duration Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: appendix.A. Item: Title: Appendix B Destination: appendix.B. Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.C. Info: Title: ぁの〠ぁっはふびぴどっ〠こぴふつべ〠はて〠げはねちのどちの〠こぴひづびびづつ〠ざはぷづぬび〠ぷどぴと〠こばづっどちぬ〠げづてづひづのっづ〠ぴは〠きどつ〠ぃづのぴひちぬ〠せ㉨〭〮〴そ〠ちのつ〠せ㉙そ Author: Daniel Recasens and Fernando Sánchez-Miret Subject: ごとづ〠ばひづびづのぴ〠びぴふつべ〠どび〠っはのっづひのづつ〠ぷどぴと〠びはねづ〠ちびばづっぴび〠はて〠ぴとづ〠ばひはつふっぴどはの〠はて〠せ㉨そ〠ちのつ〠せ㉙そ〠どの〠げはねちのどちの〬〠ど〮づ〮〬〠ぴとづどひ〠ばはびどぴどはの〠ぷどぴとどの〠ぴとづ〠ぶはぷづぬ〠びばちっづ〬〠つづでひづづ〠はて〠ちっはふびぴどっ〠ぶちひどちぢどぬどぴべ〠ちのつ〠ちっはふびぴどっ〠つふひちぴどはの〮〠ごは〠ぴとどび〠づのつ〬〠ちっはふびぴどっ〠つちぴち〠ぷづひづ〠っはぬぬづっぴづつ〠てはひ〠ぴとづ〠げはねちのどちの〠びぴひづびびづつ〠ぶはぷづぬび〠せど〠づ〠ち〠は〠ふ〠㉨〠㉙そ〠ばひはつふっづつ〠ぢべ〠びどへ〠びばづちにづひび〠どの〠っはのぴひはぬぬづつ〠っはのびはのちのぴちぬ〠っはのぴづへぴ〠っはのつどぴどはのび〠ちのつ〠ひづちぬ〠ちのつ〠のはのびづのびづ〠ぷはひつび〮〠ごとづ〠てはひねちのぴ〠てひづぱふづのっべ〠つちぴち〠ひづぶづちぬ〠ぴとちぴ〠せ㉨そ〠ちのつ〠せ㉙そ〠つは〠のはぴ〠はぶづひぬちば〠ちぬはので〠ぴとづ〠う〱〠つどねづのびどはの〬〠ぷとどっと〠ねちべ〠ぢづ〠ちびっひどぢづつ〠ぴは〠ぴとづ〠のづづつ〠ぴは〠びづぴ〠どの〠っはのぴひちびぴ〠ぴとづ〠ぴぷは〠っづのぴひちぬ〠ぶはぷづぬび〠ばとはのはぬはでどっちぬぬべ〮〠きはひづはぶづひ〬〠せ㉨そ〠どび〠っぬづちひぬべ〠ねはひづ〠ぶちひどちぢぬづ〠どの〠う〲〬〠ちのつ〠ぴとふび〠どの〠ぶはぷづぬ〠てひはのぴどので〬〠ぴとちの〠びっとぷち〮〠げづでちひつどので〠びづでねづのぴちぬ〠つふひちぴどはの〬〠せ㉨そ〠どび〠ちび〠びとはひぴ〠ちび〠とどでと〠ぶはぷづぬび〠ちのつ〠びとはひぴづひ〠ぴとちの〠びっとぷち〬〠ぷとはびづ〠つふひちぴどはの〠どび〠っはねばちひちぢぬづ〠ぴは〠ぴとちぴ〠はて〠ねどつ〠ぶはぷづぬび〮〠ごとづ〠ばとはのづぴどっ〠っとちひちっぴづひどびぴどっび〠てはひ〠びぴひづびびづつ〠びっとぷち〠どの〠げはねちのどちの〠ちひづ〠どの〠っはのぴひちびぴ〠ぷどぴと〠ぴとはびづ〠てはひ〠ぴとづ〠びちねづ〠ぶはぷづぬ〠どの〠はぴとづひ〠ぷはひぬつ’び〠ぬちのでふちでづび〬〠どの〠ぷとどっと〠どぴ〠どび〠とどでとぬべ〠ぶちひどちぢぬづ〠ちのつ〠びとはひぴづひ〠ぴとちの〠ちぬぬ〠はひ〠ねはびぴ〠ばづひどばとづひちぬ〠ぶはぷづぬび〮〠ごとどび〠ぢづとちぶどはふひ〠ねちべ〠ぢづ〠ちぴぴひどぢふぴづつ〠ぴは〠ぴとづ〠づへどびぴづのっづ〠はて〠ぴぷは〠っづのぴひちぬ〠ぶはぷづぬび〬〠ぷとどぬづ〠びふででづびぴどので〠ぴとちぴ〠せ㉙そ〠とちび〠ち〠ぷづぬぬ〭つづてどのづつ〠ちひぴどっふぬちぴはひべ〠ぴちひでづぴ〠どの〠ぴとづ〠げはねちのどちの〠ぬちのでふちでづ〮 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