3ede544f10e39fb26bbe1c5ddc087f5f applsci-15-01435.pdf 26e4d43e6779e5293f350bc724eb7935f89c6d9e applsci-15-01435.pdf d2ea5fe6f0185d0670adbf9a71bf7f903f04f613677ae67cc9da7a6ec18437d6 applsci-15-01435.pdf Title: Effluent from Winery Waste Biorefinery: A Strategic Input for Biomass Generation with Different Objectives to Add Value in Arid Regions Subject: Agro-industrial activities generate significant amounts of organic waste and a variety of effluents thus posing environmental challenges. Viticulture in Argentina, which covered 204,847 ha in 2023, faces water scarcity as a limiting factor conditioning its production. This industry produces large volumes of grape marc, sediments, and stalks, which can be valorised into products like alcohol, tartaric acid, and compost. However, these valorisation processes generate effluents with high organic load and salinity, further stressing water resources. This study explores the potential of utilising these effluents to cultivate plant biomass in arid regions (sorghum or perennial pasture), which could serve as bioenergy, animal feed, or composting co-substrates, contributing to circular bioeconomy principles. The combined use of effluent as a water resource and the sowing of sorghum and pasture increased soil organic matter content and led to a slight reduction in pH (depth: 0.30–0.60 m) compared to the control treatment. The sorghum plots showed better establishment and higher dry biomass yield (32.6 Tn/ha) compared to the pasture plots (6.5 Tn/ha). Sorghum demonstrated better tolerance to saline soils and high salinity effluents, aligning with previous studies. Although pasture had a lower biomass yield, it was more efficient in nutrient uptake, concentrating more NPK, ash, and soluble salts. Sorghum’s higher yield compensated for its lower nutrient concentration. For biomass production, sorghum is preferable, but if nutrient capture from effluents is prioritised, summer polyphytic pastures are more suitable. These results suggest that the final selection between plant biomass alternatives highly depends on whether the goal is biomass generation or nutrient capture. Keywords: distillery effluents; biomass; bioenergy; animal feedstock; composting co-substrate; circular bioeconomy Author: Pedro Federico Rizzo, Germán Darío Aguado, Iván Funes-Pinter, Laura Elizabeth Martinez, Florencia Noemí Ferrari, Federico De Biazi, Pablo Martín, Gustavo Flores, Antoni Sánchez and Ernesto Martin Uliarte Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Jan 30 15:56:00 2025 CET ModDate: Thu Jan 30 16:03:05 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1708781 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XHCUMV+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 TMJTYE+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 GAFPMR+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 VYZCAH+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 QMDDXF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 56 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 64 0 JDKDDH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 75 0 QTPTYO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 79 0 QSWINA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 83 0 JFYWOP+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 NAQQYT+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 90 0 JDKDDH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 105 0 QTPTYO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 109 0 QSWINA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 113 0 JDKDDH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 127 0 QTPTYO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 131 0 QSWINA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 135 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-03-01 02:07:56 CET RepresentationInformation: applsci-15-01435.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-28 13:20:27 CET Size: 1708781 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 251 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Site and Starting Materials Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Exploratory Preliminary Study Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Experimental Design of Field Assay Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Analisys Methodology Destination: subsection.2.4 Children: Item: Title: Effluent Analysis Destination: subsubsection.2.4.1 Item: Title: Soil Analysis Destination: subsubsection.2.4.2 Item: Title: Vegetal Biomass Analysis Destination: subsubsection.2.4.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Preliminary Results Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Characteristics of Effluent Used in the Demonstration Plot for Biomass Generation Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Effects of Cultivation and Effluent Use on Soil Properties Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Biomass Generation from Mixed Grassland and Sorghum Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Effluent from Winery Waste Biorefinery: A Strategic Input for Biomass Generation with Different Objectives to Add Value in Arid Regions Author: Pedro Federico Rizzo, Germán Darío Aguado, Iván Funes-Pinter, Laura Elizabeth Martinez, Florencia Noemí Ferrari, Federico De Biazi, Pablo Martín, Gustavo Flores, Antoni Sánchez and Ernesto Martin Uliarte Subject: Agro-industrial activities generate significant amounts of organic waste and a variety of effluents thus posing environmental challenges. Viticulture in Argentina, which covered 204,847 ha in 2023, faces water scarcity as a limiting factor conditioning its production. This industry produces large volumes of grape marc, sediments, and stalks, which can be valorised into products like alcohol, tartaric acid, and compost. However, these valorisation processes generate effluents with high organic load and salinity, further stressing water resources. This study explores the potential of utilising these effluents to cultivate plant biomass in arid regions (sorghum or perennial pasture), which could serve as bioenergy, animal feed, or composting co-substrates, contributing to circular bioeconomy principles. The combined use of effluent as a water resource and the sowing of sorghum and pasture increased soil organic matter content and led to a slight reduction in pH (depth: 0.30 0.60 m) compared to the control treatment. The sorghum plots showed better establishment and higher dry biomass yield (32.6 Tn/ha) compared to the pasture plots (6.5 Tn/ha). Sorghum demonstrated better tolerance to saline soils and high salinity effluents, aligning with previous studies. Although pasture had a lower biomass yield, it was more efficient in nutrient uptake, concentrating more NPK, ash, and soluble salts. Sorghum’s higher yield compensated for its lower nutrient concentration. For biomass production, sorghum is preferable, but if nutrient capture from effluents is prioritised, summer polyphytic pastures are more suitable. These results suggest that the final selection between plant biomass alternatives highly depends on whether the goal is biomass generation or nutrient capture. 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