4df6dba383e8130e2187db07423448f0 antibiotics-14-00328.pdf a6a933a1be757b8a3c19662e4714bbf0ab6e21e9 antibiotics-14-00328.pdf 38e1aefc52b34439b342b076da0ef48fec3789181949a99655331c509057ecdb antibiotics-14-00328.pdf Title: Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Canine Otitis Pathogens in the Iberian Peninsula (2010–2021) Subject: Background: The close relationship between humans and petsraises health concerns due to the potential transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and genes. Bacterial otitis is an emerging health problem in dogs, given its widespread prevalence and impact on animal welfare. Early detection of resistance is vital in veterinary medicine to anticipate future treatment challenges. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AMR bacteria involved in 12,498 cases of otitis in dogs from the Iberian Peninsula and the evolution of AMR patterns over an 11-year period. Methods: Data was provided by the Veterinary Medicine Department of a large private diagnostic laboratory in Barcelona. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Results: The frequency of the principal bacterial agents was 35% Staphylococcus spp. (principally S. pseudointermedius), 20% Pseudomonas spp. (P. aeruginosa), 13% Streptococcus spp. (S. canis), and 11% Enterobacterales (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed P. aeruginosa (among Gram-negatives) and Enterococcus faecalis (among Gram-positives) as the species with the highest AMR to multiple antimicrobial classes throughout the years. According to the frequency and time evolution of multidrug resistance (MDR), Gram-negative bacteria like P. mirabilis (33%) and E. coli (25%) presented higher MDR rates compared to Gram-positive strains like Corynebacterium (7%) and Enterococcus (5%). The AMR evolution also showed an increase in resistance patterns in Proteus spp. to doxycycline and Streptococcus spp. to amikacin. Conclusions: This information can be useful for clinicians, particularly in this region, to make rational antimicrobial use decisions, especially when empirical treatment is common in companion animal veterinary medicine. In summary, improving treatment guidelines is a key strategy for safeguarding both animal and human health, reinforcing the One Health approach. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; otitis; dogs; Iberian Peninsula Author: Biel Garcias, Mar Batalla, Anna Vidal, Inma Durán and Laila Darwich Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Fri Mar 21 07:53:09 2025 CET ModDate: Fri Mar 21 08:30:55 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3378080 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 PKGIIF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 ZENVPP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 RLHKBS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 XLBKYW+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 56 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 66 0 FPYFTG+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 72 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 78 0 FPNHFT+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 84 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 102 0 FPYFTG+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 108 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 114 0 FPNHFT+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 120 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 132 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 142 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 148 0 FPNHFT+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 154 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 169 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 175 0 FPNHFT+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 181 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 199 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 205 0 FPNHFT+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 211 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 226 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 232 0 FPNHFT+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 238 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 255 0 FPLXAD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 261 0 FPNHFT+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 267 0 PDTLUH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 286 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-05-07 02:07:59 CEST RepresentationInformation: antibiotics-14-00328.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-05-06 10:32:32 CEST Size: 3378080 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 445 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Data Source and Management Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Microbiological Analysis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Canine Otitis Pathogens in the Iberian Peninsula (2010 2021) Author: Biel Garcias, Mar Batalla, Anna Vidal, Inma Durán and Laila Darwich Subject: Background: The close relationship between humans and petsraises health concerns due to the potential transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and genes. Bacterial otitis is an emerging health problem in dogs, given its widespread prevalence and impact on animal welfare. Early detection of resistance is vital in veterinary medicine to anticipate future treatment challenges. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AMR bacteria involved in 12,498 cases of otitis in dogs from the Iberian Peninsula and the evolution of AMR patterns over an 11-year period. Methods: Data was provided by the Veterinary Medicine Department of a large private diagnostic laboratory in Barcelona. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Results: The frequency of the principal bacterial agents was 35% Staphylococcus spp. (principally S. pseudointermedius), 20% Pseudomonas spp. (P. aeruginosa), 13% Streptococcus spp. (S. canis), and 11% Enterobacterales (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed P. aeruginosa (among Gram-negatives) and Enterococcus faecalis (among Gram-positives) as the species with the highest AMR to multiple antimicrobial classes throughout the years. According to the frequency and time evolution of multidrug resistance (MDR), Gram-negative bacteria like P. mirabilis (33%) and E. coli (25%) presented higher MDR rates compared to Gram-positive strains like Corynebacterium (7%) and Enterococcus (5%). The AMR evolution also showed an increase in resistance patterns in Proteus spp. to doxycycline and Streptococcus spp. to amikacin. Conclusions: This information can be useful for clinicians, particularly in this region, to make rational antimicrobial use decisions, especially when empirical treatment is common in companion animal veterinary medicine. In summary, improving treatment guidelines is a key strategy for safeguarding both animal and human health, reinforcing the One Health approach. 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