8628c5d5090e55df5eaac2b03ad76cf3 animals-15-00919-v2.pdf 2633f42e5ba7d22b5d33059a905dae6849ea0504 animals-15-00919-v2.pdf 3408e466f3487c24b7190f602230dceda0a8bfed775221a531dd39969bf27821 animals-15-00919-v2.pdf Title: Electrochemotherapy Intralesional Treatment in a Captive Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) with Dermal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subject: Captive birds of prey often exceed their wild counterparts’ lifespan, as seen in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, ~20 years wild vs. ~40 years captive), golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos, ~32 years wild vs. ~46 years captive), and Andean condors (Vultur gryphus, ~50 years wild vs. ~79 years captive), highlighting the impact of controlled environments on longevity. However, recent evidence suggests a rising incidence of neoplastic processes in these species. While previous studies have indicated a higher-than-expected prevalence of neoplasia in raptors, comprehensive research on this topic remains scarce. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a frequently reported neoplasm in pet birds, has been documented in birds of prey, though the literature on its prevalence and management is limited. Retrospective studies have identified SCC cases in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), primarily affecting the flank or thigh, with locally invasive behavior and rare distant metastasis. Complete surgical excision is the preferred treatment for SCCs, yet its feasibility is often constrained by tumor invasiveness and anatomical limitations. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as a promising alternative, utilizing electroporation to enhance intracellular drug uptake while minimizing systemic toxicity. Bleomycin and cisplatin have been successfully used in avian intralesional chemotherapy, offering a potentially safer and effective treatment approach. ECT has demonstrated efficacy in various exotic species, yet its application in raptors remains largely unexplored. This case report describes the use of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin in a peregrine falcon diagnosed with SCC, contributing to the growing body of evidence supporting its clinical utility in avian oncology. Keywords: oncology; electrochemotherapy; prey bird; avian oncology; cancer; chemotherapy; veterinary oncology Author: Sara Peña, Otilia Ferrer, Beatriz Balañá, Mariana Lima, Laura Ordeix and Jaume Alomar Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Mon Mar 24 13:21:28 2025 CET ModDate: Mon Mar 24 13:28:10 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 8857972 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SQEBUP+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 YMQNNF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 AEWCVP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 CSAIWS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 FUGAJT+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 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Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Case Presentation Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Electrochemotherapy Intralesional Treatment in a Captive Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) with Dermal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Author: Sara Peña, Otilia Ferrer, Beatriz Balañá, Mariana Lima, Laura Ordeix and Jaume Alomar Subject: Captive birds of prey often exceed their wild counterparts’ lifespan, as seen in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, ~20 years wild vs. ~40 years captive), golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos, ~32 years wild vs. ~46 years captive), and Andean condors (Vultur gryphus, ~50 years wild vs. ~79 years captive), highlighting the impact of controlled environments on longevity. However, recent evidence suggests a rising incidence of neoplastic processes in these species. While previous studies have indicated a higher-than-expected prevalence of neoplasia in raptors, comprehensive research on this topic remains scarce. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a frequently reported neoplasm in pet birds, has been documented in birds of prey, though the literature on its prevalence and management is limited. Retrospective studies have identified SCC cases in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), primarily affecting the flank or thigh, with locally invasive behavior and rare distant metastasis. Complete surgical excision is the preferred treatment for SCCs, yet its feasibility is often constrained by tumor invasiveness and anatomical limitations. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as a promising alternative, utilizing electroporation to enhance intracellular drug uptake while minimizing systemic toxicity. Bleomycin and cisplatin have been successfully used in avian intralesional chemotherapy, offering a potentially safer and effective treatment approach. ECT has demonstrated efficacy in various exotic species, yet its application in raptors remains largely unexplored. This case report describes the use of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin in a peregrine falcon diagnosed with SCC, contributing to the growing body of evidence supporting its clinical utility in avian oncology. 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