b8ad5337f0e68d34fa6a3006665d807b foods-14-01310.pdf 197dc54a78484dac3b37bd663664708f4fd7f1e7 foods-14-01310.pdf 0b307009f9b518e237ccf5bf4a4ebfda112d843df90ebeb0f94982dcbc29b1b8 foods-14-01310.pdf Title: Evaluation of Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization Treatments to Ensure the Microbiological Safety and Immunoglobulin Preservation in Donor Human Milk Subject: Most donor human milk (HM) banks use Holder pasteurization (HoP) to ensure microbiological safety, although it can degrade essential bioactive factors for newborns. This study evaluates the innovative ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) technology as a potential alternative. Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus carnosus, Franconibacter helveticus (formerly named Cronobacter helveticus) and Escherichia coli strains were used as surrogates for common HM pathogens according to European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) guidelines, to evaluate the efficacy of new technologies. A reconstituted powder milk formula inoculated with these strains was used to determine the most efficient conditions (those to achieve a lethality of 5 Log), applying treatments from 150 to 300 MPa. These treatments were later validated using inoculated HM with the same strains. Immunoglobulin (sIgA, IgG, IgM) retention was also evaluated and compared with HoP. Results showed that UHPH treatments at 200 MPa achieved a lethality > 5 Log for all strains, except for St. carnosus, which required 250 MPa for complete inactivation in HM. Unlike HoP, UHPH at 200 and 250 MPa did not significantly reduce the basal concentration of sIgA, IgG, or IgM compared with raw HM. These findings suggest UHPH as a promising alternative to HoP, maintaining both microbiological safety and immunological quality. Keywords: human milk; holder pasteurization; UHPH; pathogen inactivation; immunoglobulins; bioactive components Author: Kimia Jalali, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Katherine Flores-Rojas, Vanessa Pleguezuelos, Francisco J. Pérez-Cano, Àngels Franch-Masferrer, Antonio J. Trujillo-Mesa, M. Manuela Hernández-Herrero and Artur X. Roig-Sagués Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Wed Apr 9 17:01:44 2025 CEST ModDate: Wed Apr 9 17:12:12 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1021314 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PGPDYS+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 QMPFAD+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 MWRDNG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 CWHXQP+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 NTJMOU+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 32 0 EDZLBC+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 37 0 ZPGVCH+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 69 0 GIGFZE+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 74 0 CRJHCU+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 82 0 FNDFBC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 FNDFBD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 103 0 FNDFBE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 109 0 FNDFBG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 112 0 FNDFGF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 115 0 FNDFBC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 127 0 FNDFBD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 130 0 FNDFBE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 136 0 FNDFBG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 FNDFGF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 142 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-06-04 02:41:49 CEST RepresentationInformation: foods-14-01310.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-06-03 08:51:19 CEST Size: 1021314 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 300 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Preparation of Bacterial Strains Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Preparation of Infant Formula Milk and Collection of Human Milk Samples Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Ethical Aspects Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Treatments Destination: subsection.2.4 Children: Item: Title: Holder Pasteurization (HoP) Destination: subsubsection.2.4.1 Item: Title: Ultra-High-Pressure Homogenization (UHPH) Destination: subsubsection.2.4.2 Item: Title: Microbiological Analysis of the Milk Samples and Lethality Determination Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Determination of the Inactivation Kinetics and Effect of Treatment Variables Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Immunological Components Quantification in HM Samples Destination: subsection.2.7 Children: Item: Title: Preparation of HM Samples for Immunoassays Destination: subsubsection.2.7.1 Item: Title: sIgA, IgG, and IgM Immunoassays Destination: subsubsection.2.7.2 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.8 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Effect of UHPH on Pathogen Strains Inoculated in Reconstituted Powdered Infant Formula and Human Milk Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Mathematical Modeling of Treatments Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Effect of UHPH on Immunoglobulin Isotype Concentrations in Human Milk Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Evaluation of Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization Treatments to Ensure the Microbiological Safety and Immunoglobulin Preservation in Donor Human Milk Author: Kimia Jalali, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Katherine Flores-Rojas, Vanessa Pleguezuelos, Francisco J. Pérez-Cano, Àngels Franch-Masferrer, Antonio J. Trujillo-Mesa, M. Manuela Hernández-Herrero and Artur X. Roig-Sagués Subject: Most donor human milk (HM) banks use Holder pasteurization (HoP) to ensure microbiological safety, although it can degrade essential bioactive factors for newborns. This study evaluates the innovative ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) technology as a potential alternative. Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus carnosus, Franconibacter helveticus (formerly named Cronobacter helveticus) and Escherichia coli strains were used as surrogates for common HM pathogens according to European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) guidelines, to evaluate the efficacy of new technologies. A reconstituted powder milk formula inoculated with these strains was used to determine the most efficient conditions (those to achieve a lethality of 5 Log), applying treatments from 150 to 300 MPa. These treatments were later validated using inoculated HM with the same strains. Immunoglobulin (sIgA, IgG, IgM) retention was also evaluated and compared with HoP. Results showed that UHPH treatments at 200 MPa achieved a lethality > 5 Log for all strains, except for St. carnosus, which required 250 MPa for complete inactivation in HM. Unlike HoP, UHPH at 200 and 250 MPa did not significantly reduce the basal concentration of sIgA, IgG, or IgM compared with raw HM. These findings suggest UHPH as a promising alternative to HoP, maintaining both microbiological safety and immunological quality. 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