6ee8e5ae098b29e3a42a82f588600021 forests-16-00954-v3.pdf c52695254e9b4c45af48c4c53787daa753292bc8 forests-16-00954-v3.pdf 1aab26c455fa286b9088baf3d0f97b9c87846815fc73c71c23ceea81acbff509 forests-16-00954-v3.pdf Title: Characteristic and Adaptive Strategy in Leaf Functional Traits of Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Staple Bamboo Species Subject: Leaf functional traits are important indicators that reveal plant adaptation and response to environmental changes. Characteristics and adaptive strategies of leaf functional traits of staple bamboo species (SBSs) for the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) remain unclear, which limits conservation management of the giant panda and its habitat. Here, this study investigated 10 SBSs in 15 nature reserves across 36 counties, measured eight leaf functional traits, analyzed trait characteristics, variation, and drivers of variation, and examined trait-based strategies and strategy–environmental constraint relationships. Our results indicate that: coefficients of variation in leaf functional traits spanned from 9.58% to 79.16%, and significant differences were found among SBSs for leaf functional traits except chlorophyll concentration. The linear mixed-effects models revealed that the taxonomic factors explained 20.16 to 77.94% of variation, and environmental factors explained 17.03 to 29.12%. Leaf functional traits exhibited distinct environmental associations, primarily driven by geographic location, topography, and soil phosphorus availability. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed 10 SBS clustered into two groups, corresponding to conservative and acquisitive resource-use strategies. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that SBSs with conservative strategies were distributed in warm and moist habitats, and SBSs with acquisition strategies were distributed in habitats with high solar radiation. Our results reveal the key trait characteristics of SBSs and the strategy-environmental constraint model based on traits, which can provide scientific basis for the ecological management practice of SBSs. Keywords: leaf functional traits; trait variation; trait–environment relationships; staple bamboo species of giant panda Author: Xiong Liu, Yilin Zhou, Xingcheng Zou, Weiyu Zhu, Renping Wan, Zhengchuan Liang, Junxi Hu, Liehua Tie, Xinglei Cui, Yuanbin Zhang, Shixing Zhou, Jordi Sardans, Congde Huang and Josep Peñuelas Reixach Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Sun Jun 8 02:32:28 2025 CEST ModDate: Sun Jun 8 03:00:11 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2972529 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CWELPT+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 MAVRYX+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 JWVJBH+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 FDHKSR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 FFOWQA+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 QMDDXF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 61 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 72 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 76 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 80 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 93 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 97 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 101 0 ZXDKIP+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 111 0 GIGFZE+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 119 0 FHBIAZ+EURB7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 127 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 138 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 142 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 146 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 150 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 163 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 167 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 171 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 180 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 184 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 188 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 201 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 205 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 209 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 213 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 222 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 226 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 230 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 234 0 ITYRUV+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 264 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-07-09 02:10:13 CEST RepresentationInformation: forests-16-00954-v3.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-07-08 12:47:16 CEST Size: 2972529 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 543 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Material and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Staple Bamboo Species Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Survey Sites Setting Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Sampling and Trait Measurement Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Climate Data of Sampling Site Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Trait Characteristics and Variation Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Factors Influencing Trait Variation Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Trait-Based Strategies and Environmental Adaptation Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.5 Children: Item: Title: Trait Characteristics and Variation Destination: subsection.5.1 Item: Title: Trait-Based Strategies and Environment Adaptation Destination: subsection.5.2 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.6 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Characteristic and Adaptive Strategy in Leaf Functional Traits of Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Staple Bamboo Species Author: Xiong Liu, Yilin Zhou, Xingcheng Zou, Weiyu Zhu, Renping Wan, Zhengchuan Liang, Junxi Hu, Liehua Tie, Xinglei Cui, Yuanbin Zhang, Shixing Zhou, Jordi Sardans, Congde Huang and Josep Peñuelas Reixach Subject: Leaf functional traits are important indicators that reveal plant adaptation and response to environmental changes. Characteristics and adaptive strategies of leaf functional traits of staple bamboo species (SBSs) for the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) remain unclear, which limits conservation management of the giant panda and its habitat. Here, this study investigated 10 SBSs in 15 nature reserves across 36 counties, measured eight leaf functional traits, analyzed trait characteristics, variation, and drivers of variation, and examined trait-based strategies and strategy environmental constraint relationships. Our results indicate that: coefficients of variation in leaf functional traits spanned from 9.58% to 79.16%, and significant differences were found among SBSs for leaf functional traits except chlorophyll concentration. The linear mixed-effects models revealed that the taxonomic factors explained 20.16 to 77.94% of variation, and environmental factors explained 17.03 to 29.12%. Leaf functional traits exhibited distinct environmental associations, primarily driven by geographic location, topography, and soil phosphorus availability. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed 10 SBS clustered into two groups, corresponding to conservative and acquisitive resource-use strategies. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that SBSs with conservative strategies were distributed in warm and moist habitats, and SBSs with acquisition strategies were distributed in habitats with high solar radiation. Our results reveal the key trait characteristics of SBSs and the strategy-environmental constraint model based on traits, which can provide scientific basis for the ecological management practice of SBSs. 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