7c961bb0baee94034747766816315041 plants-14-01595_1_.pdf 4f772e53afa267749e415332571f5ad1dfef95ac plants-14-01595_1_.pdf 18d3beeca474dd7c5582da5ec9bc9335218e895ab9891da50c523708c83fa09f plants-14-01595_1_.pdf Title: Allocation Patterns and Strategies of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Densities in Three Typical Desert Plants Subject: The densities of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C-N-P) reflect the adaptation and response of desert plants to hyper-arid environments. However, the allocation strategies for biomass and C-N-P densities among various plant life forms remain poorly understood. This study involved the collection of samples representing both aboveground and belowground biomass (to depths of 200 cm) from three desert plant species—both herbaceous and shrubby—and evaluating their C-N-P densities. The investigation focused on the distribution strategies and drivers influencing total C-N-P densities within the plant–soil system. The results indicated that the biomass of the shrub Tamarix ramosissima (8.88 1.22 kg m-2) was significantly greater than that of the herbaceous plants Alhagi sparsifolia (0.96 0.15 kg m-2) and Karelinia caspia (0.72 0.09 kg m-2). The total C density among the three species was observed as follows: T. ramosissima (9.26 0.99 kg m-2) > A. sparsifolia (6.21 0.85 kg m-2) > K. caspia (6.18 1.12 kg m-2). Notably, no significant differences were detected in the total N and P densities across the species. Additionally, for A. sparsifolia and K. caspia, the roots exhibited greater biomass and C-N-P densities. Further analysis revealed that soil pools accounted for 56.34–95.10% of total C density, 90.39–98.63% of total N density, and 99.86–99.97% of total P density in the plant–soil system. The order of total C-N-P densities was established as C > P > N, decoupling total P density from other environmental factors. Total C and N densities in the three plant species were predominantly influenced by soil physicochemical properties, with biotic factors and microbial biomass playing secondary roles. This study improves the understanding of C-N-P densities strategies of dominant vegetation for restoration and sustainable management in hyper-arid deserts.200pt Keywords: nutrient-use strategy; adaptive differentiation; biomass allocation; carbon–nitrogen–phosphorous densities Author: Guangxing Zhao, Akash Tariq, Zhaobin Mu, Zhihao Zhang, Corina Graciano, Mengfei Cong, Xinping Dong, Jordi Sardans, Dhafer A. Al-Bakre, Josep Penuelas and Fanjiang Zeng Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Fri May 23 17:30:05 2025 CEST ModDate: Fri May 23 17:38:16 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3157179 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PLOLAK+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 IMBDST+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 ETSHVC+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 GWUAVP+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 YFFKLH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 32 0 PMAGPJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 79 0 PMAHAL+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 85 0 PMAHAN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 91 0 PMAGPJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 105 0 PMAHAL+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 111 0 PMAHAN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 117 0 PMAGPJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 130 0 PMAHAL+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 136 0 PMAHAN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 142 0 PMAGPJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 169 0 PMAHAL+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 175 0 PMAHAN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 181 0 PMAGPJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 195 0 PMAHAL+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 201 0 PMAHAN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 207 0 PMAGPJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 220 0 PMAHAL+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 226 0 PMAHAN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 232 0 PMAGPJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 245 0 PMAHAN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 251 0 PMAGPJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 272 0 PMAHAL+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 278 0 PMAHAN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 284 0 RFLZJB+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 302 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-07-08 02:08:28 CEST RepresentationInformation: plants-14-01595_1_.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-07-07 14:48:26 CEST Size: 3157179 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 523 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Allocation of Biomass in Different Plant Components Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Densities in Different Plant Components Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Distribution of Soil and Total C-N-P Densities Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Correlation and Driving Factors of C-N-P Densities Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Allocation of C-N-P Densities Among Plants of Different Plant Life Forms Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Allocation of Total C-N-P Densities Among Plants of Different Life Forms Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Drivers of Total C-N-P Densities Allocation Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Experimental Design and Samples Collocation Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Plant C-N-P Analysis Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Soil Physicochemical and Microbial Biomass Analysis Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Data Calculations Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.4.6 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Allocation Patterns and Strategies of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Densities in Three Typical Desert Plants Author: Guangxing Zhao, Akash Tariq, Zhaobin Mu, Zhihao Zhang, Corina Graciano, Mengfei Cong, Xinping Dong, Jordi Sardans, Dhafer A. Al-Bakre, Josep Penuelas and Fanjiang Zeng Subject: The densities of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C-N-P) reflect the adaptation and response of desert plants to hyper-arid environments. However, the allocation strategies for biomass and C-N-P densities among various plant life forms remain poorly understood. This study involved the collection of samples representing both aboveground and belowground biomass (to depths of 200 cm) from three desert plant species both herbaceous and shrubby and evaluating their C-N-P densities. The investigation focused on the distribution strategies and drivers influencing total C-N-P densities within the plant soil system. The results indicated that the biomass of the shrub Tamarix ramosissima (8.88 1.22 kg m-2) was significantly greater than that of the herbaceous plants Alhagi sparsifolia (0.96 0.15 kg m-2) and Karelinia caspia (0.72 0.09 kg m-2). The total C density among the three species was observed as follows: T. ramosissima (9.26 0.99 kg m-2) > A. sparsifolia (6.21 0.85 kg m-2) > K. caspia (6.18 1.12 kg m-2). Notably, no significant differences were detected in the total N and P densities across the species. Additionally, for A. sparsifolia and K. caspia, the roots exhibited greater biomass and C-N-P densities. Further analysis revealed that soil pools accounted for 56.34 95.10% of total C density, 90.39 98.63% of total N density, and 99.86 99.97% of total P density in the plant soil system. The order of total C-N-P densities was established as C > P > N, decoupling total P density from other environmental factors. Total C and N densities in the three plant species were predominantly influenced by soil physicochemical properties, with biotic factors and microbial biomass playing secondary roles. 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