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Public Health 13:1548456. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1548456 Author: Miquel Porta Creator: Adobe InDesign 19.5 (Windows) Producer: Adobe PDF Library 17.0 CreationDate: Wed Aug 13 05:38:47 2025 CEST ModDate: Sat Aug 16 06:22:36 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 28 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4451076 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.6 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WOMQEB+MuseoSans-500 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 9681 0 ULNECF+MuseoSans-300 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 9689 0 RJZMML+MuseoSans-700 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 9694 0 OCLUWR+STIXGeneral-Italic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 9695 0 NDWOIT+STIXGeneral-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 9696 0 MZMIUV+MuseoSans-300Italic Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 9697 0 KWIWSZ+MinionPro-Regular Type 1C Custom yes 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ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Language: en-US Outlines: Item: Title: Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population of Barcelona Children: Item: Title: 1 Introduction Item: Title: 2 Methods Children: Item: Title: 2.1 Study population Item: Title: 2.2 Socioeconomic and living conditions Item: Title: 2.3 Quantification of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors Item: Title: 2.4 Serology of viral exposures Item: Title: 2.5 Quantification of total immunoglobulins Item: Title: 2.6 Determination of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 Item: Title: 2.6.1 SARS-CoV-2 infection Item: Title: 2.6.2 COVID-19 Item: Title: 2.7 Statistical analyses Item: Title: 3 Results Children: Item: Title: 3.1 Effects of baseline immune markers on SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity Item: Title: 3.2 Effects of baseline immune markers on risk of COVID-19 Item: Title: 4 Discussion Children: Item: Title: 4.1 Assessment of main findings Item: Title: 4.2 Study limitations and strengths Item: Title: 5 Conclusion Item: Title: References Info: Title: Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population of Barcelona Author: Miquel Porta Subject: Porta M, Pumarega J, Aguilar R, ​Prieto-Merino D, Campi L, Rius C, ​Villar-García J, Vidal M, Jimenez A, Peña A, Muñoz M-Á, Trasande L, Bolúmar F, Moncunill G, Gasull M and Dobaño C (2025) Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of 匀䄀刀匀ⴀ䌀漀嘀ⴀ㈀ 椀渀昀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀伀嘀䤀䐀ⴀ㄀㤀ꀀ椀渀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䈀愀爀挀攀氀漀渀愀⸀ 䘀爀漀渀琀⸀ 倀甀戀氀椀挀 䠀攀愀氀琀栀 ㄀㌀㨀㄀㔀㐀㠀㐀㔀㘀⸀ 搀漀椀㨀 ㄀ ⸀㌀㌀㠀㤀⼀昀瀀甀戀栀⸀㈀25.1548456 Creator: Adobe InDesign 19.5 (Windows) Producer: Adobe PDF Library 17.0 CreationDate: Wed Aug 13 06:08:47 CEST 2025 ModDate: Sat Aug 16 06:52:36 CEST 2025 ID: 0x7fdfe4b2c0f7314682a24aaab80b808b, 0x4fd1d9dc0d32704d8d9768017523be11 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode 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adobe:docid:indd:3eb08764-b5b1-11df-a8ee-870b19326471 xmp.id:5e686da6-1cae-ae43-8093-dd030bac5791 proof:pdf xmp.iid:397bce58-e19d-2946-b3ac-39a157705593 xmp.did:6d815d82-6dcb-b445-adb7-78e254e19ce0 adobe:docid:indd:3eb08764-b5b1-11df-a8ee-870b19326471 default converted from application/x-indesign to application/pdf Adobe InDesign 19.5 (Windows) / 2025-08-13T09:08:47+05:30 2025-08-13T09:08:47+05:30 2025-08-16T09:52:36+05:30 2025-08-16T09:52:36+05:30 Adobe InDesign 19.5 (Windows) application/pdf Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population of Barcelona Miquel Porta José Pumarega Ruth Aguilar David Prieto-Merino Laura Campi Cristina Rius Judit Villar-García Marta Vidal Alfons Jimenez Antonio Peña Miguel-Ángel Muñoz Leonardo Trasande Francisco Bolúmar Gemma Moncunill Magda Gasull Carlota Dobaño Porta M, Pumarega J, Aguilar R, ​Prieto-Merino D, Campi L, Rius C, ​Villar-García J, Vidal M, Jimenez A, Peña A, Muñoz M-Á, Trasande L, Bolúmar F, Moncunill G, Gasull M and Dobaño C (2025) Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population of Barcelona. Front. Public Health 13:1548456. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1548456 cytokines immunoglobulins etiology risk factors SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 mixtures Copyright © 2025 Porta, Pumarega, Aguilar, Prieto-Merino, Campi, Rius, Villar-García, Vidal, Jimenez, Peña, Muñoz, Trasande, Bolúmar, Moncunill, Gasull and Dobaño. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. 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