d4d87083f25b92ae9382b9c10ceb0bba wevj-16-00436.pdf 8a241f91d126caa500a7427a3f10b65efcbe75e6 wevj-16-00436.pdf 33387817bcea07b73f9e3ff691674e9275b22fe7390aeaad3d8a6759ada41e71 wevj-16-00436.pdf Title: Determining the Spanish Public’s Intention to Adopt Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles Subject: Understanding what people think about hydrogen energy and how this influences their acceptance of the associated technology is a critical area of research. The public’s willingness to adopt practical applications of hydrogen energy, such as hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs), is a key factor in their deployment. To analyse the direct and indirect effects of key attitudinal variables that could influence the intention to use HFCVs in Spain, an online questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of the Spanish population(N = 1000). A path analysis Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied to determine the effect of different attitudinal variables. A high intention to adopt HFCVs in Spain was found (3.8 out of 5), assuming their wider availability in the future. The path analysis results indicated that general acceptance of hydrogen technology and perception of its benefits had the greatest effect on the public’s intention to adopt HFCVs. Regarding indirect effects, the role of trust in hydrogen technology was notable, having significant mediating effects not only through general acceptance of hydrogen energy and local acceptance of hydrogen refuelling stations (HRS), but also through positive and negative emotions and benefits perception. The findings will assist in focusing the future hydrogen communication strategies of both the government and the private (business) sector. Keywords: hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles; technology adoption; intention to adopt; survey; Structural Equation Model Author: Roser Sala, Lila Gonçalves, Hitomi Sato, Ning Huan, Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Dimitrios Tzioutzios and Jose-Blas Navarro Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Mon Aug 4 10:25:57 2025 CEST ModDate: Mon Aug 4 10:28:32 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 666067 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MIKRSI+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 100 0 DWUIPE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 101 0 TUVNPH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 102 0 KFSGXX+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 103 0 FLNFGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 254 0 FLNFGJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 255 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 289 0 FLNFGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 281 0 FLNFGJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 282 0 FXXUVH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 316 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-09-17 03:09:22 CEST RepresentationInformation: wevj-16-00436.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-09-16 14:21:49 CEST Size: 666067 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 421 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Literature Review Item: Title: Materials and Methods Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Descriptive Analysis Item: Title: Path Analysis Item: Title: Discussion Children: Item: Title: Comparison with Previous Research Item: Title: Limitations Item: Title: Future Research Directions Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Determining the Spanish Public’s Intention to Adopt Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles Author: Roser Sala, Lila Gonçalves, Hitomi Sato, Ning Huan, Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Dimitrios Tzioutzios and Jose-Blas Navarro Subject: Understanding what people think about hydrogen energy and how this influences their acceptance of the associated technology is a critical area of research. The public’s willingness to adopt practical applications of hydrogen energy, such as hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs), is a key factor in their deployment. To analyse the direct and indirect effects of key attitudinal variables that could influence the intention to use HFCVs in Spain, an online questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of the Spanish population(N = 1000). A path analysis Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied to determine the effect of different attitudinal variables. A high intention to adopt HFCVs in Spain was found (3.8 out of 5), assuming their wider availability in the future. The path analysis results indicated that general acceptance of hydrogen technology and perception of its benefits had the greatest effect on the public’s intention to adopt HFCVs. Regarding indirect effects, the role of trust in hydrogen technology was notable, having significant mediating effects not only through general acceptance of hydrogen energy and local acceptance of hydrogen refuelling stations (HRS), but also through positive and negative emotions and benefits perception. The findings will assist in focusing the future hydrogen communication strategies of both the government and the private (business) sector. 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