b327eb27a1fb481a84b52d4391395866 animals-15-02413-v2.pdf 856e8dab0126324bdf019f2ff6dfc806bf776a1f animals-15-02413-v2.pdf 8ea4bd7d86205f439c19e26f3c33f84b0e204b4a2490cf8f9ec751b37f7fb7f0 animals-15-02413-v2.pdf Title: Molecular Screening of Plasmodium spp. in Free-Living Ring-Tailed Coatis (Nasua nasua) and Nine-Banded Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the Peruvian Amazon Subject: Identifying the diversity of wildlife hosts for malaria parasites in wildlife is crucial for understanding transmission dynamics in endemic regions where humans, vectors, and wildlife heavily overlap. We examined the presence of Plasmodium parasites in free-ranging ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua, n = 44) and nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus, n = 66) from an Indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon. Nested PCR targeting the mitochondrial cytb gene detected Plasmodium spp. DNA in two coatis (4.7%). Sequencing revealed one lineage identical to Plasmodium vivax/P. simium and another to P. malariae/P. brasilianum. A subset of samples was reanalyzed using cox3-based PCR and sequencing in an independent laboratory, confirming P. malariae/P. brasilianum in one coati. No infections were observed in armadillos. These results indicate that coatis in the wild may host diverse Plasmodiidae parasites and that coatis may even carry Plasmodium spp., likely as incidental hosts. Expanding surveillance to additional non-primate mammals will help clarify their role in sylvatic malaria ecology and evaluate potential zoonotic risks. Keywords: wildlife; malaria; zoonotic parasites; wildlife hosts; Plasmodium; One Health Author: Gabriela M. Ulloa, Alex D. Greenwood, Omar E. Cornejo, Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro, Meddly L. Santolalla and Pedro Mayor Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Tue Aug 19 07:42:42 2025 CEST ModDate: Tue Aug 19 07:46:16 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 612746 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- TODIBU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 101 0 LUZAOW+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 102 0 TEUVPE+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 103 0 LQZIXW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 104 0 SXKRQJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 105 0 PDYDVH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 193 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 220 0 BBETNX+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 234 0 FJECFN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 251 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-09-19 03:48:17 CEST RepresentationInformation: animals-15-02413-v2.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-09-18 10:51:02 CEST Size: 612746 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 509 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Study Area Item: Title: Samples Item: Title: Ethical Review Item: Title: Amplification of Plasmodium Sequences by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Item: Title: Validation of Plasmodium spp. Detection Item: Title: Phylogenetic Analysis Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Item: Title: Data Availability Item: Title: Results Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Molecular Screening of Plasmodium spp. in Free-Living Ring-Tailed Coatis (Nasua nasua) and Nine-Banded Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the Peruvian Amazon Author: Gabriela M. Ulloa, Alex D. Greenwood, Omar E. Cornejo, Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro, Meddly L. Santolalla and Pedro Mayor Subject: Identifying the diversity of wildlife hosts for malaria parasites in wildlife is crucial for understanding transmission dynamics in endemic regions where humans, vectors, and wildlife heavily overlap. We examined the presence of Plasmodium parasites in free-ranging ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua, n = 44) and nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus, n = 66) from an Indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon. Nested PCR targeting the mitochondrial cytb gene detected Plasmodium spp. DNA in two coatis (4.7%). Sequencing revealed one lineage identical to Plasmodium vivax/P. simium and another to P. malariae/P. brasilianum. A subset of samples was reanalyzed using cox3-based PCR and sequencing in an independent laboratory, confirming P. malariae/P. brasilianum in one coati. No infections were observed in armadillos. These results indicate that coatis in the wild may host diverse Plasmodiidae parasites and that coatis may even carry Plasmodium spp., likely as incidental hosts. Expanding surveillance to additional non-primate mammals will help clarify their role in sylvatic malaria ecology and evaluate potential zoonotic risks. 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