cb5a08daa3466b763ad646f24ec1b853 fendo-16-1587382.pdf 32d94c4df403072d64deff7e703e7cc23ef24446 fendo-16-1587382.pdf 98311ca064e5c4c57deccbcfef9fb986dcad76ece23dcd4b1dbc88c1fb6ceacf fendo-16-1587382.pdf Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 6 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.389 x 841.663 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 476689 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- GCNAKC+AdvTTd3a5f740 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 357 0 GCNAKD+AdvPSA18C Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 358 0 GCNAKE+AdvTTd3a5f740+01 Type 1C MacRoman yes yes no 359 0 GCNALF+AdvTT9b12cd41 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 360 0 GCNALG+AdvPSA323 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 361 0 GCNALH+AdvTT9b12cd41+01 Type 1C MacRoman yes yes no 362 0 GCNALI+AdvTT9b12cd41+20 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 368 0 GCNALJ+AdvTT2c8ce45a Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 369 0 GCNALK+AdvTT9b12cd41+22 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 370 0 GCNALL+AdvTT9b12cd41+fb Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 371 0 GCNBLF+AdvTTd168d80a.I Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 379 0 GCNBOF+AdvOT1ef757c0 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 111 0 GCNBOG+AdvOT1ef757c0+20 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 108 0 GCNBOH+AdvOT3f84ef53 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 93 0 GCNBOI+AdvOT1ef757c0+fb Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 94 0 GCNBPJ+AdvOT1ef757c0+22 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 95 0 GCNCAJ+AdvOT7d6df7ab.I Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 113 0 GCNCLG+AdvTTd3a5f740+fb Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 117 0 GCNCLH+AdvTTd3a5f740+20 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 118 0 GCNCLI+AdvOT1ef757c0+01 Type 1C MacRoman yes yes no 116 0 GCNCLJ+AdvTT58d178b9+03 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 115 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-11-14 04:41:05 CET RepresentationInformation: fendo-16-1587382.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-11-13 18:21:04 CET Size: 476689 Format: PDF Version: 1.4 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 447 FreeObjects: 4 IncrementalUpdates: 2 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Outlines: Item: Title: Pediatric densitometry: is the Z score adjustment necessary in all cases? Destination: bmark_-465704781 Children: Item: Title: 1 Introduction Destination: s1 Item: Title: 2 Materials and methods Destination: s2 Children: Item: Title: 2.1 Study population Destination: s2_1 Item: Title: 2.2 Data collection and study variables Destination: s2_2 Item: Title: 2.3 Statistical analysis Destination: s2_3 Item: Title: 3 Results Destination: s3 Children: Item: Title: 3.1 Baseline characteristics and densitometric measurements Destination: s3_1 Item: Title: 3.2 Comparison of unadjusted and HAZ-adjusted Z-scores Destination: s3_2 Item: Title: 4 Discussion Destination: s4 Children: Item: Title: 4.1 Strengths and limitations Destination: s4_1 Item: Title: 4.2 Conclusion Destination: s4_2 Item: Title: Data availability statement Destination: bmark_-1258588262 Item: Title: Ethics statement Destination: bmark_1370551237 Item: Title: Author contributions Destination: bmark_-1208584890 Item: Title: Funding Destination: bmark_1865464027 Item: Title: Acknowledgments Destination: bmark_-366698314 Item: Title: Conflict of interest Destination: bmark_1089982005 Item: Title: Generative AI statement Destination: bmark_-1453097031 Item: Title: Publisher’s note Destination: bmark_-1256977648 Item: Title: References Destination: bmark_2090415954 ID: 0x5b4db897a39b2e69e7df7bfdb0bbd699, 0xf0e61cfb5384994aba6df237edaa4fff Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 2919 ImageHeight: 577 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1772 ImageHeight: 631 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: GCNAKC+AdvTTd3a5f740 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 37 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNAKC+AdvTTd3a5f740 Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -52, -208, 916, 885 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNAKD+AdvPSA18C FontSubset: true FirstChar: 180 LastChar: 180 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNAKD+AdvPSA18C Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -156, -208, 1125, 802 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNAKE+AdvTTd3a5f740+01 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 245 LastChar: 245 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNAKE+AdvTTd3a5f740+01 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -52, -208, 947, 885 FontFile3: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNALF+AdvTT9b12cd41 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 37 LastChar: 242 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNALF+AdvTT9b12cd41 Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -52, -208, 906, 875 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNALG+AdvPSA323 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 180 LastChar: 180 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNALG+AdvPSA323 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -156, -239, 1104, 770 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNALH+AdvTT9b12cd41+01 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 245 LastChar: 245 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNALH+AdvTT9b12cd41+01 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -52, -208, 958, 875 FontFile3: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNBOG+AdvOT1ef757c0+20 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 146 LastChar: 150 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNBOG+AdvOT1ef757c0+20 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -135, -187, 1010, 833 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNBOF+AdvOT1ef757c0 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 246 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNBOF+AdvOT1ef757c0 Flags: Serif, Symbolic FontBBox: -20, -250, 947, 854 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: GCNALI+AdvTT9b12cd41+20 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 146 LastChar: 146 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNALI+AdvTT9b12cd41+20 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -114, -166, 1010, 864 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNALJ+AdvTT2c8ce45a FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNALJ+AdvTT2c8ce45a Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -52, -208, 947, 895 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNCAJ+AdvOT7d6df7ab.I FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNCAJ+AdvOT7d6df7ab.I Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -135, -250, 1000, 854 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNALK+AdvTT9b12cd41+22 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 138 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNALK+AdvTT9b12cd41+22 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 0, -156, 552, 697 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: GCNALL+AdvTT9b12cd41+fb FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 1 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNALL+AdvTT9b12cd41+fb Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 0, 0, 854, 697 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: GCNCLJ+AdvTT58d178b9+03 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNCLJ+AdvTT58d178b9+03 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -645, -354, 916, 895 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: GCNCLI+AdvOT1ef757c0+01 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 245 LastChar: 245 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNCLI+AdvOT1ef757c0+01 Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -20, -250, 947, 854 FontFile3: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNCLG+AdvTTd3a5f740+fb FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 1 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNCLG+AdvTTd3a5f740+fb Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 0, 0, 906, 708 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: GCNCLH+AdvTTd3a5f740+20 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 146 LastChar: 146 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNCLH+AdvTTd3a5f740+20 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -114, -166, 1062, 864 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNBLF+AdvTTd168d80a.I FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 116 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNBLF+AdvTTd168d80a.I Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -145, -208, 968, 875 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNBOH+AdvOT3f84ef53 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 97 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNBOH+AdvOT3f84ef53 Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -177, -291, 1083, 1000 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: GCNBOI+AdvOT1ef757c0+fb FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 3 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNBOI+AdvOT1ef757c0+fb Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 0, -10, 781, 708 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: GCNBPJ+AdvOT1ef757c0+22 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 3 FontDescriptor: FontName: GCNBPJ+AdvOT1ef757c0+22 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -135, -166, 697, 916 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true XMP: Berta Magallares Jorge Malouf Helena Codes-Méndez Hye Sang Park Jocelyn Betancourt Gloria Fraga Estefanía Quesada-Masachs Mireia López-Corbeto Montserrat Torrent Ana Marín Silvia Herrera Ignasi Gich Susana Boronat Jordi Casademont Hector Corominas Dacia Cerdá Magallares B, Malouf J, Codes-Méndez H, Park HS, Betancourt J, Fraga G, Quesada-Masachs E, López-Corbeto M, Torrent M, Marín A, Herrera S, Gich I, Boronat S, Casademont J, Corominas H and Cerdá D (2025) Pediatric densitometry: is the Z score adjustment necessary in all cases?. Front. Endocrinol. 16:1587382. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1587382 Copyright © 2025 Magallares, Malouf, Codes-Méndez, Park, Betancourt, Fraga, Quesada-Masachs, López-Corbeto, Torrent, Marín, Herrera, Gich, Boronat, Casademont, Corominas and Cerdá. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. pediatric densitometry height-for-age z-score bone mineral density low bone mineral mass DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) Pediatric densitometry: is the Z score adjustment necessary in all cases? pediatric densitometry; height-for-age z-score; bone mineral density; low bone mineral mass; DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) True https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/copyright-statement Pages: Page: Label: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 685, 473, 706 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 660, 446, 681 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 635, 437, 656 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 33, 135, 40 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 33, 545, 40 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 690, 125, 705 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 60, 546, 139, 553 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 60, 526, 125, 533 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 396, 156, 403 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 101, 328, 194, 334 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 319, 99, 326 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 802, 510, 809 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 470, 793, 513, 800 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 450, 783, 541, 790 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 789, 240, 806 Page: Label: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 510, 204, 519 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 485, 242, 494 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 485, 251, 494 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 447, 244, 456 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 132, 410, 137, 419 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 141, 410, 146, 419 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 150, 347, 154, 356 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 79, 285, 83, 294 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 90, 285, 94, 294 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 231, 247, 236, 256 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 198, 210, 202, 219 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 210, 212, 219 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 177, 172, 181, 181 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 85, 285, 94 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 458, 538, 463, 547 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 387, 400, 396, 409 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 350, 355, 359 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 799, 545, 806 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 33, 135, 40 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 33, 545, 40 Page: Label: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 114, 463, 118, 472 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 141, 69, 168, 78 Destination: 24 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 354, 281, 386, 290 Destination: 24 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 281, 396, 290 Destination: 36 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 281, 430, 290 Destination: 24 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 486, 268, 512, 277 Destination: 36 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 799, 545, 806 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 33, 135, 40 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 33, 545, 40 Page: Label: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 302, 130, 311 Destination: 36 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 386, 588, 416, 597 Destination: 36 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 799, 545, 806 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 33, 135, 40 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 33, 545, 40 Page: Label: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 77, 450, 85, 459 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 206, 413, 214, 422 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 663, 360, 672 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 588, 543, 597 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 575, 313, 584 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 320, 575, 328, 584 Destination: 57 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 799, 545, 806 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 33, 135, 40 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 33, 545, 40 Page: Label: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 62, 327, 143, 334 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 169, 300, 242, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 266, 257, 290, 264 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 249, 99, 256 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 184, 230, 251, 237 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 211, 218, 218 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 75, 176, 145, 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 155, 157, 209, 164 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 522, 351, 545, 358 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 343, 340, 350 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 300, 394, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 384, 273, 475, 280 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 238, 399, 245 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 356, 203, 435, 210 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 176, 433, 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 141, 369, 148 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 799, 545, 806 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 49, 33, 135, 40 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 33, 545, 40 Checksum: 877e02d8 Type: CRC32 Checksum: cb5a08daa3466b763ad646f24ec1b853 Type: MD5 Checksum: 32d94c4df403072d64deff7e703e7cc23ef24446 Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 98311ca064e5c4c57deccbcfef9fb986dcad76ece23dcd4b1dbc88c1fb6ceacf Type: SHA-256