d77533be5df5cd96ad1aea7b5e868653 engproc-88-00007.pdf 6b950b049420f38df1991e28f98e2bd99ae47a92 engproc-88-00007.pdf cf64aa50da24a31c6a89434fb10354ca034bcf232a90867f6d37ce4c10896b4e engproc-88-00007.pdf Title: Low-Cost SDR for GNSS Interference Mitigation Using Spatial Diversity Techniques "2279 Subject: This paper addresses the feasibility of implementing spatial diversity techniques to mitigate interference signals using low-cost GNSS receivers. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) remain at the core of navigation technologies and obtaining precise and robust positioning solutions in harsh scenarios becomes essential for the proper functioning of modern applications. Furthermore, this challenge is even more complex when mass-market receivers are addressed, since the previous requirements must be achieved while maintaining low-cost architectures. A promising solution is to use beamforming techniques, which exploit the spatial domain to achieve enhanced reliability and robustness. In this paper, the potential of beamforming in mass-market receivers is analyzed by implementing two interference mitigation techniques and using a five-channel low-cost software defined radio (SDR), KrakenSDR. The results show that the algorithms implemented are able to mitigate strong interference signals, allowing the GNSS receiver to compute an accurate positioning solution. Keywords: array processing; spatial diversity; beamforming; mass-market; interference mitigation Author: Lucía Pallarés-Rodríguez, David Gómez-Casco, Noori Bni-Lam, Gonzalo Seco-Granados, José A. López-Salcedo and Paolo Crosta Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Mon Mar 17 12:07:19 2025 CET ModDate: Mon Mar 17 12:36:29 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1336255 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MIKRSI+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 JBCRNZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 XEWAZZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 WXDPLZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 LSUQBE+MSBM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 53 0 FPACTE+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 58 0 BSVBGG+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 63 0 KYYCMF+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 68 0 YDVURR+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 73 0 SOSTRQ+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 78 0 QQXUPP+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 83 0 BYXUKI+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 94 0 GUUOCM+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 99 0 OGOLJB+EURB7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 104 0 RJGRVG+PazoMath-BoldItalic Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 109 0 TNWLNV+PazoMath-Bold Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 114 0 OCMEDM+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 132 0 OCMEDN+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 135 0 OCMEDO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 141 0 OCMEFA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 OCMEJP+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 147 0 OCMEMP+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 150 0 OCMEDM+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 172 0 OCMEDN+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 175 0 OCMEDO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 181 0 OCMEFA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 184 0 OCMEJP+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 187 0 OCMEDM+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 205 0 OCMEDN+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 208 0 OCMEDO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 214 0 OCMEFA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 217 0 OCMEJP+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 220 0 OCMEDM+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 237 0 OCMEDN+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 240 0 OCMEDO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 246 0 OCMEFA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 249 0 OCMEJP+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 252 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-09-24 03:08:58 CEST RepresentationInformation: engproc-88-00007.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-09-23 12:35:09 CEST Size: 1336255 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 331 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Fundamentals of Array Processing Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Signal Model Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: The Beamforming Principle Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Exploiting Spatial Diversity for Interference Mitigation Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Power Inversion Beamformer Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Prewhitening Beamformer Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Experimental Analysis Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Architecture and Experiment Description Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Low-Cost SDR for GNSS Interference Mitigation Using Spatial Diversity Techniques "2279 Author: Lucía Pallarés-Rodríguez, David Gómez-Casco, Noori Bni-Lam, Gonzalo Seco-Granados, José A. López-Salcedo and Paolo Crosta Subject: This paper addresses the feasibility of implementing spatial diversity techniques to mitigate interference signals using low-cost GNSS receivers. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) remain at the core of navigation technologies and obtaining precise and robust positioning solutions in harsh scenarios becomes essential for the proper functioning of modern applications. Furthermore, this challenge is even more complex when mass-market receivers are addressed, since the previous requirements must be achieved while maintaining low-cost architectures. A promising solution is to use beamforming techniques, which exploit the spatial domain to achieve enhanced reliability and robustness. In this paper, the potential of beamforming in mass-market receivers is analyzed by implementing two interference mitigation techniques and using a five-channel low-cost software defined radio (SDR), KrakenSDR. The results show that the algorithms implemented are able to mitigate strong interference signals, allowing the GNSS receiver to compute an accurate positioning solution. 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