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Sci. 12:1650893. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1650893 Author: Christoforos Posporis Creator: Adobe InDesign 19.5 (Windows) Producer: Adobe PDF Library 17.0 CreationDate: Thu Jul 24 06:03:08 2025 CEST ModDate: Thu Jul 24 06:03:19 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 7773658 bytes Optimized: yes PDF version: 1.6 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JCADXW+MuseoSans-500 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 989 0 HZBRVA+MuseoSans-300 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 996 0 GAMLHC+MuseoSans-300Italic Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 1001 0 FWCFTE+MuseoSans-700 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1002 0 DTYTRI+MinionPro-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 153 0 WZHOXW+STIX-Regular Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes yes 149 0 VASIJY+STIXGeneral-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 144 0 TXTWHC+MinionPro-It Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 158 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-10-10 03:52:48 CEST RepresentationInformation: VSC_a2025n12m7d24.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-10-09 11:53:32 CEST Size: 7773658 Format: PDF Version: 1.6 Status: Well-Formed, but not valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul ErrorMessage: Annotation object is not a dictionary ID: PDF-HUL-114 Offset: 77383 MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: Linearized PDF PDFMetadata: Objects: 1032 FreeObjects: 765 IncrementalUpdates: 1 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Language: en-US Outlines: Item: Title: Anatomical and histological characterization of the filum terminale in dogs Children: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and methods Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Macroscopic anatomy Item: Title: Histological findings Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Conclusion Item: Title: References Info: Author: Christoforos Posporis Subject: Posporis C, Espinosa J, Pumarola M, Ortega EB, Alomar J, Santifort K, De Decker S, Lam K, Mínguez JJ, Álvarez P and ​Aige-Gil V (2025) Anatomical and histological characterization of the filum terminale in dogs. 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JJ, Álvarez P and ​Aige-Gil V (2025) Anatomical and histological characterization of the filum terminale in dogs. Front. Vet. Sci. 12:1650893. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1650893 dural sac conus medullaris ependyma neurons glia collagen tethered cord Copyright © 2025 Posporis, Espinosa, Pumarola, Ortega, Alomar, Santifort, De Decker, Lam, Mínguez, Álvarez and Aige-Gil. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. 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