9fb507786de508f7865e7abc1678167d 321088.pdf fc3f4f71aca246fbc95f0f4dcc58912913b0734d 321088.pdf b8ddf26ad45bfd4087b0808fef2ecfbb71836bf56bab3f1dc9c8f59d89a1f64c 321088.pdf Title: Advanced Doppler Ultrasound Insights: A Multicenter Prospective Study on Healthy Skin Subject: Background: There have been multiple studies on the use of Doppler ultrasound to define skin inflammation, but the visible vessels of healthy skin have yet to be described. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the visible vessels of healthy skin using Doppler ultrasound. Methods: Prospective multicenter study using Doppler ultrasound to analyze healthy skin. The color percentage, flow velocity, and maximum vessel diameter were calculated. Results: 943 images from 152 patients were recorded. The most frequently used mode was color Doppler (40.6%), followed by power Doppler (30.4%). Visible vessels were detected in 18.23%; in positive Doppler images, color occupied less than 5%. The malar region exhibited the highest visible vessels. The 22 MHz probe detected smaller vessels with slower flows than the 18 MHz probe. Spectral Doppler showed peak systolic values of less than 10 cm/s and a vessel diameter of less than 1 mm. In most of the participating centers, the operators had less than 10 years of experience in performing skin ultrasound examinations. Sensitivity of the Doppler may vary according to the device. Conclusions: With the used ultrasound equipment, it was uncommon to visualize vessels in healthy skin. When seen, they covered less than 5% of the image with low flow and small size. Keywords: cutaneous Doppler ultrasound; healthy skin; visible vessels; spectral Doppler; color Doppler; power Doppler Author: Priscila Giavedoni, Jorge Romaní, Francisco de Cabo, Francisco Javier García-Martínez, Mónica Quintana-Codina, Esther Roè-Crespo, Irene Fuertes de Vega, Xavier Soria-Gili, Rafael Aguayo-Ortiz, Patricia Garbayo-Salmons, Gonzalo Castillo, David Vidal-Sarró, Jordi Mollet, Laura Serra, Carlos Gonzalez, Emilio López-Trujillo, Miquel Just, Marc Combalia, Sebastian Podlipnik, Josep Malvehy and Ximena Wortsman Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Tue Mar 4 07:35:26 2025 CET ModDate: Tue Mar 4 07:41:40 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1363846 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WYEKQU+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 FVHXEK+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 RECJGR+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 VATDWY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 PDCTAH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 QGUKZH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 58 0 GHPHAC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 76 0 GHPHAD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 79 0 GHPHAE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 85 0 GHPHAG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 88 0 GHPHEG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 91 0 XHAQEC+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 98 0 ICBUDW+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 103 0 GHPHAC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 118 0 GHPHAE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 121 0 GHPHAG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 124 0 GHPHEG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 127 0 GHPHAC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 142 0 GHPHAE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 145 0 GHPHAG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 148 0 GHPHEG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 151 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-11-13 04:16:12 CET RepresentationInformation: 321088.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-11-12 12:20:08 CET Size: 1363846 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 282 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Ultrasound Evaluation Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Study Population Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Duration of the Study Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Limitations Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Advanced Doppler Ultrasound Insights: A Multicenter Prospective Study on Healthy Skin Author: Priscila Giavedoni, Jorge Romaní, Francisco de Cabo, Francisco Javier García-Martínez, Mónica Quintana-Codina, Esther Roè-Crespo, Irene Fuertes de Vega, Xavier Soria-Gili, Rafael Aguayo-Ortiz, Patricia Garbayo-Salmons, Gonzalo Castillo, David Vidal-Sarró, Jordi Mollet, Laura Serra, Carlos Gonzalez, Emilio López-Trujillo, Miquel Just, Marc Combalia, Sebastian Podlipnik, Josep Malvehy and Ximena Wortsman Subject: Background: There have been multiple studies on the use of Doppler ultrasound to define skin inflammation, but the visible vessels of healthy skin have yet to be described. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the visible vessels of healthy skin using Doppler ultrasound. Methods: Prospective multicenter study using Doppler ultrasound to analyze healthy skin. The color percentage, flow velocity, and maximum vessel diameter were calculated. Results: 943 images from 152 patients were recorded. The most frequently used mode was color Doppler (40.6%), followed by power Doppler (30.4%). Visible vessels were detected in 18.23%; in positive Doppler images, color occupied less than 5%. The malar region exhibited the highest visible vessels. The 22 MHz probe detected smaller vessels with slower flows than the 18 MHz probe. Spectral Doppler showed peak systolic values of less than 10 cm/s and a vessel diameter of less than 1 mm. In most of the participating centers, the operators had less than 10 years of experience in performing skin ultrasound examinations. Sensitivity of the Doppler may vary according to the device. Conclusions: With the used ultrasound equipment, it was uncommon to visualize vessels in healthy skin. When seen, they covered less than 5% of the image with low flow and small size. 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