f33d5b45389a52de843ce24b9d1b600f land-14-01912.pdf 1f290dcf135edc4032b98f61ec9e6b9a4e19c335 land-14-01912.pdf 8013fccf86fe835f49e5b76dc008c2df0bd60fd84a36fcc8158199e9fb2f53c8 land-14-01912.pdf Title: First Evidence of Roman Gold Mining Obtained by Luminescence Dating of Sediments in Les Guilleteres D’All (Cerdanya, Girona, Eastern Pyrenees) Subject: In recent years, evidence of gold mining during the Roman period has been found by archaeologists in the Cerdanya region (Girona, Catalonia). In this region, Les Guilleteres d’All has been described as a mining complex because of the erosive features observed in the landscape; surveys have identified hydraulic mining opencast structures named chantier-cirques and chantier-ravins. The latter are smaller, but both require a water reservoir, specifically a water retention facility, to supply water flow. One of these buried water reservoirs has been excavated, revealing an enlarged area with a dam constructed from stone blocks. Two pottery sherds were found within the sediment layers deposited on the bottom of the reservoir—one dated to the 1st–2nd c. AD and the other to the Bronze Age—indicating that the reservoir was filled during historical times and the nearby presence of settlements from these periods. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating was performed on two waterlain sediment layers deposited at the bottom deposited at the reservoir. The obtained ages, dating to 2nd–4th c. AD, correspond to the final phase or abandonment of mining activities. Hence, these ages provide the first evidence of mining activities in Les Guilleteres during Roman times. Keywords: OSL dating; luminescence dating; gold mining; eastern Pyrenees; Roman mining; Cerdanya Author: Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jordi Morera Camprubí and Oriol Olesti Vila Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Fri Sep 19 13:28:42 2025 CEST ModDate: Fri Sep 19 13:42:23 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2622823 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WQFRDN+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 93 0 TPUYUP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 94 0 PGAWRS+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 95 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 119 0 YFFKLH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 152 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 146 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 172 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 193 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 201 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 240 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 222 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 244 0 GIIJWT+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 282 0 XQDHDL+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 308 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 303 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 304 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 324 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 325 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 330 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 331 0 UUSRYB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 392 0 BASGFY+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 412 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-10-28 04:26:32 CET RepresentationInformation: land-14-01912.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-10-24 12:34:18 CEST Size: 2622823 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 444 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Children: Item: Title: Historical Background Item: Title: Geographical and Geological Context Item: Title: Previous Research: Geomorphology and Settlement Patterns Item: Title: Previous Excavation of the Water Reservoir Item: Title: Study Aim Item: Title: Materials and Methods Item: Title: Results Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: First Evidence of Roman Gold Mining Obtained by Luminescence Dating of Sediments in Les Guilleteres D’All (Cerdanya, Girona, Eastern Pyrenees) Author: Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jordi Morera Camprubí and Oriol Olesti Vila Subject: In recent years, evidence of gold mining during the Roman period has been found by archaeologists in the Cerdanya region (Girona, Catalonia). In this region, Les Guilleteres d’All has been described as a mining complex because of the erosive features observed in the landscape; surveys have identified hydraulic mining opencast structures named chantier-cirques and chantier-ravins. The latter are smaller, but both require a water reservoir, specifically a water retention facility, to supply water flow. One of these buried water reservoirs has been excavated, revealing an enlarged area with a dam constructed from stone blocks. Two pottery sherds were found within the sediment layers deposited on the bottom of the reservoir—one dated to the 1st–2nd c. AD and the other to the Bronze Age—indicating that the reservoir was filled during historical times and the nearby presence of settlements from these periods. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating was performed on two waterlain sediment layers deposited at the bottom deposited at the reservoir. The obtained ages, dating to 2nd–4th c. AD, correspond to the final phase or abandonment of mining activities. Hence, these ages provide the first evidence of mining activities in Les Guilleteres during Roman times. 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