a90cd6708745c581eb9a082b5eef033b vetsci-12-01026.pdf f381c93c8278c9abc7a42fafdd7de1a82626bd7f vetsci-12-01026.pdf 9f3e70a904430e13608f6c34fb865a72450670dd175c30a98c2af61d98e1b6dd vetsci-12-01026.pdf Title: Effect of High Dietary Salt Intake on Macro-Mineral Status of Lactating Camels Raised Under Arid Conditions Subject: This study examined the effects of high dietary salt intake on the concentrations of major microminerals (K, Na, P, Mg, and Ca) in the serum and milk of lactating dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Twelve multiparous camels were assigned in a two-period crossover design to receive either a control diet containing 1.5% NaCl (CON) or a salt-supplemented diet containing 4.5% NaCl (T1). Each period lasted 21 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling. Blood and milk samples were analyzed using inductively coupled serum–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Camels fed the high-salt diet showed lower serum concentrations of Mg and Ca (p < 0.05). Milk concentrations of Mg, K, and Ca increased under high-salt intake (p < 0.05), whereas Na and P decreased. Correlation analysis revealed negative associations between P intake and milk Ca, as well as between milk Ca and serum Mg. While positive associations were observed between K intake and milk Ca, and between Ca and Mg within milk. Principal component analysis further demonstrated distinct clustering of minerals according to dietary treatment. These results highlight the complex regulation of mineral partitioning between serum and milk in camels exposed to saline diets, underscoring their adaptive capacity to arid environments. The findings provide insights for developing mineral supplementation strategies tailored to camel production systems in regions with high dietary salinity. Keywords: blood serum; camel; milk components; macro-minerals and salt (NaCl) Author: Riyadh S. Aljumaah, Moez Ayadi, Abdulkareem M. Matar, Ahmed A. K. Salama, Gerardo Caja, Mohammed A. Alshaikh and Mutassim M. Abdelrahman Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Thu Oct 23 13:13:49 2025 CEST ModDate: Thu Oct 23 13:22:46 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1213434 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PFQLBB+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 89 0 SGTDCU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 90 0 HIBDXY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 91 0 GPWGIJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 92 0 XEYJZU+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 144 0 SPXLNH+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 157 0 XIRVNA+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 158 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 175 0 IYLPED+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 176 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 201 0 FOOHOG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 194 0 FOOHOE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 195 0 FOOHOC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 196 0 FOOHOE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 214 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-12-18 03:14:09 CET RepresentationInformation: vetsci-12-01026.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-12-17 10:01:04 CET Size: 1213434 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 357 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Experimental Design Item: Title: Sample Collection Item: Title: Diet Composition Item: Title: Sample Preparation for Mineral Analysis Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Item: Title: Results Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Effect of High Dietary Salt Intake on Macro-Mineral Status of Lactating Camels Raised Under Arid Conditions Author: Riyadh S. Aljumaah, Moez Ayadi, Abdulkareem M. Matar, Ahmed A. K. Salama, Gerardo Caja, Mohammed A. Alshaikh and Mutassim M. Abdelrahman Subject: This study examined the effects of high dietary salt intake on the concentrations of major microminerals (K, Na, P, Mg, and Ca) in the serum and milk of lactating dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Twelve multiparous camels were assigned in a two-period crossover design to receive either a control diet containing 1.5% NaCl (CON) or a salt-supplemented diet containing 4.5% NaCl (T1). Each period lasted 21 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling. Blood and milk samples were analyzed using inductively coupled serum–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Camels fed the high-salt diet showed lower serum concentrations of Mg and Ca (p < 0.05). Milk concentrations of Mg, K, and Ca increased under high-salt intake (p < 0.05), whereas Na and P decreased. Correlation analysis revealed negative associations between P intake and milk Ca, as well as between milk Ca and serum Mg. While positive associations were observed between K intake and milk Ca, and between Ca and Mg within milk. Principal component analysis further demonstrated distinct clustering of minerals according to dietary treatment. These results highlight the complex regulation of mineral partitioning between serum and milk in camels exposed to saline diets, underscoring their adaptive capacity to arid environments. The findings provide insights for developing mineral supplementation strategies tailored to camel production systems in regions with high dietary salinity. 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