c61d303a20a5e3def0ed64bda86c5fd0 s43020-025-00186-5.pdf 3c6f742b87c19e7d5a7fd273c929a7f2fe7af717 s43020-025-00186-5.pdf 388fbaf7a7b8b5e84c5a3c4ad0f7020b86dd6ed6f464c406d2293c37450dc68f s43020-025-00186-5.pdf Title: A Comparative study on ranging accuracy and interference robustness of LEO-PNT systems in urban and rural scenarios Subject: Satellite Navigation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-025-00186-5 Keywords: LEO-PNT; Outdoor; Multipath; Interference; Hybrid LEO-GNSS positioning Author: Guillem Foreman-Campins Creator: Springer Producer: Acrobat Distiller 10.1.8 (Windows); modified using iText® 5.5.13.4 ©2000-2024 iText Group NV (SPRINGER SBM; licensed version) CreationDate: Sun Nov 30 14:19:32 2025 CET ModDate: Mon Dec 1 10:26:37 2025 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 1574268 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 name type 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PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Language: EN Outlines: Item: Title: A Comparative study on ranging accuracy and interference robustness of LEO-PNT systems in urban and rural scenarios Children: Item: Title: Abstract Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: LEO-PNT system design Children: Item: Title: Space, ground and user segments Item: Title: Position estimation procedures Item: Title: Ranging error modeling Item: Title: Framework of the semi-analytical approach Children: Item: Title: Standalone LEO-PNT Children: Item: Title: Contribution due to error sources Item: Title: Interference robustness Item: Title: Carrier frequency Item: Title: Transmitted power Item: Title: Hybrid LEO-PNT and GNSS Item: Title: Scenarios under analysis Item: Title: Numerical results Children: Item: Title: LEO versus GNSS Children: Item: Title: Case #1: dBm Item: Title: Case #2: dBm Item: Title: Hybrid LEO-GNSS Children: Item: Title: Case #1: dBm Item: Title: Case #2: dBm Item: Title: System design takeaways Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: Acknowledgements Item: Title: References Info: Title: A Comparative study on ranging accuracy and interference robustness of LEO-PNT systems in urban and rural scenarios Author: Guillem Foreman-Campins Subject: Satellite Navigation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-025-00186-5 Keywords: LEO-PNT; Outdoor; Multipath; Interference; Hybrid LEO-GNSS positioning Creator: Springer Producer: Acrobat Distiller 10.1.8 (Windows); modified using iText® 5.5.13.4 ©2000-2024 iText Group NV (SPRINGER SBM; licensed version) CreationDate: Sun Nov 30 14:49:32 CET 2025 ModDate: Mon Dec 01 10:26:37 CET 2025 ID: 0x071867213c1b7641863d78955c9c2634, 0x7a60bae8fa326f96bde2e4c188cc3bca Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 1100 ImageHeight: 90 ColorSpace: black is zero BitsPerSample: 1 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Intent: RelativeColorimetric 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EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true Font: BaseFont: NFDTCO+MyriadPro-LightIt2 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 28 LastChar: 33 FontDescriptor: FontName: NFDTCO+MyriadPro-LightIt2 Flags: Symbolic, AllCap FontBBox: 0, -11, 638, 700 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: BaseEncoding: WinAnsiEncoding Differences: true XMP: Springer Nature Singapore Satellite Navigation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-025-00186-5 LEO-PNT Outdoor Multipath Interference Hybrid LEO-GNSS positioning A Comparative study on ranging accuracy and interference robustness of LEO-PNT systems in urban and rural scenarios Guillem Foreman-Campins José A. 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