40d099f30af9265bcfecd75d152eb19f animals-15-03499.pdf b32274fd8f6fbe0843bc130d67d01ecc4043f59b animals-15-03499.pdf 92f558e9b5202126f394a83bc9d20cc940e8a80b6e14f608aa5dd3169f6ea444 animals-15-03499.pdf Title: Equine Infectious Anemia Virus in Equids: A Large-Scale Serosurvey in Western Europe Subject: Background: Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a notifiable disease caused by Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), with major sanitary and economic importance for equids worldwide. There is limited and outdated information on the circulation of EIAV in many European countries. In the present study, we aimed to assess virus exposure in different equid species in Western Europe. Methods: Between 2011 and 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of EIAV in 1676 equids (1444 horses, 106 donkeys and 126 mules/hinnies) from four European regions: Andalusia (Southern Spain; n = 808), Catalonia (Northeastern Spain; n = 437), Southeastern United Kingdom (UK; n = 209), and Ireland (n = 222). Results: None of the analyzed equines tested positive for antibodies against EIAV (0%; 95 %CI: 0.0–0.18), indicating limited virus exposure of the equid populations from these European regions. Conclusions: This finding is consistent with the low EIAV circulation previously reported in Western Europe and the few official EIA outbreaks recorded in the region during the last decade. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this serosurvey represents the first investigation assessing EIAV exposure in equids from Ireland and the UK. Our results not only provide novel epidemiological evidence for the four European regions assessed but also reinforce the effectiveness of surveillance strategies and control measures implemented by European countries, in accordance with national and international regulations, to successfully limit EIAV circulation. Keywords: donkey; Equine Infectious Anemia; Europe; horse; Lentivirus; mule Author: Moisés Gonzálvez, Juan J. Franco, David Cano-Terriza, Jesús Barbero-Moyano, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras, Jesús García, Eduardo Alguacil and Ignacio García-Bocanegra Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Thu Dec 4 12:01:18 2025 CET ModDate: Thu Dec 4 12:06:50 2025 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1345281 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JPOQZN+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 70 0 EWZEDQ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 71 0 GOIFRZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 72 0 LEIYBW+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 73 0 RWBCRL+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 121 0 NGPDGM+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 157 0 NGPDGO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 158 0 ITYRUV+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 317 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-02-13 04:39:43 CET RepresentationInformation: animals-15-03499.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-02-12 14:15:07 CET Size: 1345281 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 362 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Study Area and Sampling Item: Title: Serological and Statistical Analysis Item: Title: Results and Discussion Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Equine Infectious Anemia Virus in Equids: A Large-Scale Serosurvey in Western Europe Author: Moisés Gonzálvez, Juan J. Franco, David Cano-Terriza, Jesús Barbero-Moyano, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras, Jesús García, Eduardo Alguacil and Ignacio García-Bocanegra Subject: Background: Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a notifiable disease caused by Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), with major sanitary and economic importance for equids worldwide. There is limited and outdated information on the circulation of EIAV in many European countries. In the present study, we aimed to assess virus exposure in different equid species in Western Europe. Methods: Between 2011 and 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of EIAV in 1676 equids (1444 horses, 106 donkeys and 126 mules/hinnies) from four European regions: Andalusia (Southern Spain; n = 808), Catalonia (Northeastern Spain; n = 437), Southeastern United Kingdom (UK; n = 209), and Ireland (n = 222). Results: None of the analyzed equines tested positive for antibodies against EIAV (0%; 95 %CI: 0.0–0.18), indicating limited virus exposure of the equid populations from these European regions. Conclusions: This finding is consistent with the low EIAV circulation previously reported in Western Europe and the few official EIA outbreaks recorded in the region during the last decade. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this serosurvey represents the first investigation assessing EIAV exposure in equids from Ireland and the UK. Our results not only provide novel epidemiological evidence for the four European regions assessed but also reinforce the effectiveness of surveillance strategies and control measures implemented by European countries, in accordance with national and international regulations, to successfully limit EIAV circulation. 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