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Destination: flink1 Children: Item: Title: 1. Introduction Destination: flink2 Item: Title: 2. Methods Destination: flink3 Children: Item: Title: 2.1. Protocol and amendments Destination: slink1 Item: Title: 2.2. Eligibility criteria Destination: slink2 Item: Title: 2.3. Information sources and search strategy Destination: slink3 Item: Title: 2.4. Selection process Destination: slink4 Item: Title: 2.5. Data collection process Destination: slink5 Item: Title: 2.6. Data items Destination: slink6 Item: Title: 2.7. Data assessment Destination: slink7 Item: Title: 2.8. Data conversion Destination: slink8 Item: Title: 2.9. Data analysis Destination: slink9 Item: Title: 3. Results Destination: flink4 Item: Title: 4. Discussion Destination: flink5 Children: Item: Title: 4.1. Strengths and weaknesses of the study Destination: slink10 Item: Title: 4.2. Other studies Destination: slink11 Item: Title: 4.3. Mechanisms and implications Destination: slink12 Item: Title: Ethics statement Destination: flink6 Item: Title: Data statement Destination: flink7 Item: Title: CRediT authorship contribution statement Destination: flink8 Item: Title: Declaration of competing interest Destination: aclink2 Item: Title: Acknowledgments Destination: flink9 Item: Title: Supplementary data Destination: flink10 Item: Title: Data availability Destination: flink11 Item: Title: References Destination: biblink11 Info: Title: Empirical evidence of observer bias in randomized clinical trials: updated and expanded analysis of trials with both blinded and non-blinded outcome assessors Author: Josefina Salazar Subject: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 183 (2025) 111787. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111787 Creator: Elsevier Producer: Acrobat Distiller 8.0.0 (Windows) CreationDate: Thu Jun 26 13:35:09 CEST 2025 ModDate: Thu Jun 26 13:36:58 CEST 2025 ID: 0x36dbbf6fe54c2205c837e48ffc487e62, 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FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 222 FontDescriptor: FontName: CNJCPE+AdvPSA88B Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -166, -208, 1000, 781 FontFile3: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: CNJCPF+AdvPSA88A FontSubset: true FirstChar: 37 LastChar: 223 FontDescriptor: FontName: CNJCPF+AdvPSA88A Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -166, -208, 1000, 781 FontFile3: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: CNJDJL+AdvTGROMAN FontSubset: true FirstChar: 37 LastChar: 222 FontDescriptor: FontName: CNJDJL+AdvTGROMAN Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -156, -218, 1000, 791 FontFile3: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: CNJCPG+AdvP4C4E59 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 160 FontDescriptor: FontName: CNJCPG+AdvP4C4E59 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -31, -250, 1000, 750 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true XMP: application/pdf doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111787 Empirical evidence of observer bias in randomized clinical trials: updated and expanded analysis of trials with both blinded and non-blinded outcome assessors Josefina Salazar Helene Moustgaard Javier Bracchiglione Asbjørn Hróbjartsson Bias Blinding Observer bias Randomized controlled trials as topic Meta-epidemiological studies Empirical evidence Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 183 (2025) 111787. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111787 The Authors journal Journal of Clinical Epidemiology © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. 0895-4356 183 July 2025 111787 111787 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111787 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111787 2010-04-23 true 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111787 elsevier.com sciencedirect.com VoR 7.0.1 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111787 noindex 2010-04-23 true sciencedirect.com elsevier.com Elsevier 2025-06-26T16:35:09+05:30 2025-06-26T16:36:58+05:30 2025-06-26T16:36:58+05:30 True 1 https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/tdmrep-policy.json Acrobat Distiller 8.0.0 (Windows) uuid:39b56723-ee7d-48a5-83ef-7e226ad69db6 uuid:f884ef73-9f03-4055-ae15-bfb98aaa9ffb http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Pages: Page: Label: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 139, 572, 144, 585 Destination: 784 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 146, 572, 151, 585 Destination: 784 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 572, 160, 585 Destination: 784 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 271, 572, 275, 585 Destination: 784 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 277, 572, 282, 585 Destination: 784 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