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Immunol. 16:1599985. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599985 Keywords: sex differences; regulatory T cells; immunomodulation; inflammation; type 2 diabetes; metabolism Author: Daniel Pérez-Martínez CreationDate: Thu Oct 23 03:39:27 2025 CEST ModDate: Thu Oct 23 03:39:27 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.389 x 841.663 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2395412 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- GNLLEO+AdvTTd3a5f740 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 129 0 GNLLGH+AdvTTd168d80a.I Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 GNLLGI+AdvOT3f84ef53 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 GNLLGJ+AdvTT2c8ce45a+fb Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 336 0 GNLMFE+AdvTT9b12cd41+01 Type 1C MacRoman yes yes no 124 0 GNLLEP+AdvTTd3a5f740+fb Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 130 0 GNLLFA+AdvPSA18C Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 337 0 GNLLFB+AdvTTd3a5f740+01 Type 1C MacRoman yes yes no 126 0 GNLLFC+AdvTT9b12cd41 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 122 0 GNLLFD+AdvTT9b12cd41+20 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 123 0 GNLLGE+AdvPSA323 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 125 0 GNLLGF+AdvTT2c8ce45a Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 134 0 GNLLGG+AdvTT9b12cd41+fb Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 155 0 GNLMHE+AdvOT1ef757c0 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 GNLMIE+AdvOT1ef757c0+fb Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 121 0 GNLMIF+AdvOT1ef757c0+20 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 131 0 GNLMJG+AdvTT58d178b9+03 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 132 0 GNLMKH+AdvOTd877c31c+21 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 345 0 GNLMKI+AdvOT7d6df7ab.I Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 154 0 GNLMLI+AdvOT2f02755f.I Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 179 0 GNLMLJ+AdvOTd877c31c+20 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 346 0 GNLMLK+AdvTT5843c571+21 Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 347 0 GNLMML+AdvOT1ef757c0+22 Type 1C Custom yes yes no 127 0 GNLMMM+AdvOT1ef757c0+01 Type 1C MacRoman yes yes no 133 0 GNMDBE+AdvTT2c8ce45a+20 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 152 0 GNMLAB+AdvTTd3a5f740+20 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 377 0 GNMLAC+AdvOT7d6df7ab.I+fb Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 378 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-03-14 04:18:16 CET RepresentationInformation: fimmu-16-1599985.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-03-13 15:42:55 CET Size: 2395412 Format: PDF Version: 1.4 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 453 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Language: en-US Outlines: Item: Title: Sex-specific metabolic effects of Treg expansion in db/db mice Destination: bmark_-2026758737 Children: Item: Title: 1 Introduction Destination: s1 Item: Title: 2 Methods Destination: s2 Children: Item: Title: 2.1 Animals Destination: s2_1 Children: Item: Title: 2.1.1 Expansion Destination: s2_1_1 Item: Title: 2.2 Immunoassays Destination: s2_2 Children: Item: Title: 2.2.1 Insulin quantification Destination: s2_2_1 Item: Title: 2.2.2 Magnetic bead-based immunoassay Destination: s2_2_2 Item: Title: 2.2.3 Western blot Destination: s2_2_3 Item: Title: 2.3 RT-PCR Destination: s2_3 Item: Title: 2.4 Triglycerides quantification Destination: s2_4 Item: Title: 2.5 Statistical analysis Destination: s2_5 Item: Title: 3 Results Destination: s3 Children: Item: Title: 3.1 Treg expansion reduces weight gain in db/db mice Destination: s3_1 Item: Title: 3.2 Female mice exhibit improved insulin resistance following Treg expansion Destination: s3_2 Item: Title: 3.3 Tissue weight analysis in Treg-expanded mice Destination: s3_3 Item: Title: 3.4 Impact of Treg expansion on systemic inflammation Destination: s3_4 Item: Title: 3.5 Impact of Treg expansion on the db/db liver Destination: s3_5 Item: Title: 4 Discussion Destination: s4 Item: Title: Data availability statement Destination: bmark_-1258588262 Item: Title: Ethics statement Destination: bmark_1370551237 Item: Title: Author contributions Destination: bmark_-1208584890 Item: Title: Funding Destination: bmark_1865464027 Item: Title: Acknowledgments Destination: bmark_-366698314 Item: Title: Conflict of interest Destination: bmark_1089982005 Item: Title: Generative AI statement Destination: bmark_-1453097031 Item: Title: Publisher’s note Destination: bmark_-1256977648 Item: Title: References Destination: bmark_2090415954 Info: Title: Sex-specific metabolic effects of Treg expansion in db/db mice Author: Daniel Pérez-Martínez Subject: Pérez-Martínez D, Canz MJ, Torras-Peyrotón E, Alvarez-Guaita A, Ramos-Pérez L, Hernández C, Simó R and Llorián-Salvador M (2025) Sex-specific metabolic effects of Treg expansion in db/db mice. Front. 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Front. Immunol. 16:1599985. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599985 Copyright © 2025 Pérez-Martínez, Canz, Torras-Peyrotón, Alvarez-Guaita, Ramos-Pérez, Hernández, Simó and Llorián-Salvador.. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. 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