e02b525eb5aaaea7ccdf4039cd552ff3 ANL_a2025v15p3165.pdf 523ac55979fe669ab8dc6c6d54c9c8c4ad79ce75 ANL_a2025v15p3165.pdf 4f99185ed070b01669e22a1b1d281243ba6751df554b945600d4f465e385510a ANL_a2025v15p3165.pdf Title: Computed Tomographic Assessment of Normal Ocular Dimensions and Densities in Cadaveric Horses (Equus ferus caballus) Subject: This study aimed to characterize the computed tomographic (CT) dimensions and contrast attenuation properties of the equine eye. CT scans from 21 horses without ocular abnormalities were analyzed to obtain detailed ocular measurements and attenuation values. In addition, cranial measurements, such as nasal–occipital length and zygomatic width, were incorporated to explore potential anatomical relationships between the skull and intraocular structures. Although most correlations between cranial and ocular parameters were weak, statistically significant associations—particularly those involving lens dimensions and anterior chamber measurements—suggest that skull morphology may exert a subtle influence on ocular anatomy. Keywords: computed tomography; ocular morphometry; head morphometry; horses Author: Maria Luisa Díaz-Bertrana, Lidia Pitti, Ana Sofia Ramírez, Mario Encinoso, Marcos Fumero-Hernández, Inmaculada Morales, Alberto Arencibia and José Raduan Jaber Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Fri Oct 31 10:43:34 2025 CET ModDate: Fri Oct 31 10:49:29 2025 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4861495 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CKOCAY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 87 0 PIDEWT+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 88 0 RRFDSU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 89 0 YVPYMY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 90 0 YIVWYZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 131 0 HFIGBK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 183 0 HFIGBI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 184 0 HFIHDM+Arial TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 185 0 HFIGBK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 HFIGBK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 177 0 HFIGBK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 224 0 HFIGBI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 225 0 HFIGBK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 216 0 HFIGBI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 217 0 HFIHDM+Arial TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 218 0 HFIGBK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 234 0 HFIGBI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 235 0 AEBBVM+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 279 0 RGATGF+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 412 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-06-03 04:11:44 CEST RepresentationInformation: ANL_a2025v15p3165.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-06-02 09:31:25 CEST Size: 4861495 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 458 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Animals Item: Title: CT Technique Item: Title: Measurements Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Item: Title: Results Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Computed Tomographic Assessment of Normal Ocular Dimensions and Densities in Cadaveric Horses (Equus ferus caballus) Author: Maria Luisa Díaz-Bertrana, Lidia Pitti, Ana Sofia Ramírez, Mario Encinoso, Marcos Fumero-Hernández, Inmaculada Morales, Alberto Arencibia and José Raduan Jaber Subject: This study aimed to characterize the computed tomographic (CT) dimensions and contrast attenuation properties of the equine eye. CT scans from 21 horses without ocular abnormalities were analyzed to obtain detailed ocular measurements and attenuation values. In addition, cranial measurements, such as nasal–occipital length and zygomatic width, were incorporated to explore potential anatomical relationships between the skull and intraocular structures. Although most correlations between cranial and ocular parameters were weak, statistically significant associations—particularly those involving lens dimensions and anterior chamber measurements—suggest that skull morphology may exert a subtle influence on ocular anatomy. 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