5b41689a475ee719c71a9e8fbcc81d81 HorRes_a2025v12n8p138.pdf 66b875bf731a3c380d86fa599b8af4884337477c HorRes_a2025v12n8p138.pdf 67f51ca10b940e16422a7c602da640859d74aa71089c9ab3cb74ac9b29ab46e8 HorRes_a2025v12n8p138.pdf Title: CmFUL1 was potentially involved in fruit elongation in melon Subject: DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhaf138, Horticulture Research, 12, 00, 1 8 2025. Abstract: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a fruit crop in the world; fruit size and fruit shape are major traits for melon quality. Fruit length is a crucial indicator affecting fruit size and shape, but few genes regulating this trait have been identified. Here, we identified the transcription factor CmFUL1 (FRUITFULL) as a candidate for regulating fruit length using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and phylogenetic analysis. CmFUL1 is mainly expressed during flower and ovary development by tissue-specific expression. Transcriptional analysis revealed that CmFUL1 expression levels exhibited a negative correlation with fruit length across diverse melon germplasm. Furthermore, functional characterization demonstrated that CmFUL1 acts as a negative regulator of fruit elongation, CR-Cmful1 mutants generated by CRISPR-Cas9 showing enhanced longitudinal fruits. This repressive role was evolutionarily conserved, as heterologous overexpression of CmFUL1 in tomato consistently inhibited fruit elongation. Collectively, the results suggested that CmFUL1 is a candidate gene involved in regulating fruit length in melon, and provided genetic resources for molecular breeding of melon. Keywords: Author: Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: Acrobat Distiller 24.0 (Windows); modified using iTextSharp.LGPLv2.Core 3.7.4.0 CreationDate: Sat Jun 14 01:35:23 2025 CEST ModDate: Mon Jul 13 16:51:53 2026 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.26 x 782.337 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 1254834 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JJEJPH+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 50 0 JJEJPI+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1463 0 JJEKFH+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1464 0 JJEKGH+CaeciliaLTStd-BoldItalic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 51 0 JJELDD+CaeciliaLTStd-Light Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 52 0 JJELJC+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 53 0 JJELNC+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 54 0 NZPNCJ+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 1 0 JJFBIP+MTSYN Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 91 0 JJFBPO+MTMI Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 92 0 JJFGKC+MTGU Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 128 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-07-14 04:12:59 CEST RepresentationInformation: HorRes_a2025v12n8p138.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-07-13 17:05:11 CEST Size: 1254834 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: Tagged PDF PDFMetadata: Objects: 1507 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Language: en Outlines: Item: Title: CmFUL1 was potentially involved in fruit elongation in melon Destination: toc.chapter Children: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.23.1.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.30.1.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.34.1.3 Item: Title: Materials and methods Destination: section.35.1.4 Item: Title: Acknowledgements Destination: section.45.1.5 Item: Title: Author contributions Destination: section.46.1.6 Item: Title: Data availability Destination: section.47.1.7 Item: Title: Conflict of interest statement Destination: section.48.1.8 Item: Title: Supplementary data Destination: section.49.1.9 Info: Title: CmFUL1 was potentially involved in fruit elongation in melon Author: Subject: DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhaf138, Horticulture Research, 12, 00, 1 8 2025. Abstract: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a fruit crop in the world; fruit size and fruit shape are major traits for melon quality. Fruit length is a crucial indicator affecting fruit size and shape, but few genes regulating this trait have been identified. Here, we identified the transcription factor CmFUL1 (FRUITFULL) as a candidate for regulating fruit length using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and phylogenetic analysis. CmFUL1 is mainly expressed during flower and ovary development by tissue-specific expression. Transcriptional analysis revealed that CmFUL1 expression levels exhibited a negative correlation with fruit length across diverse melon germplasm. Furthermore, functional characterization demonstrated that CmFUL1 acts as a negative regulator of fruit elongation, CR-Cmful1 mutants generated by CRISPR-Cas9 showing enhanced longitudinal fruits. This repressive role was evolutionarily conserved, as heterologous overexpression of CmFUL1 in tomato consistently inhibited fruit elongation. Collectively, the results suggested that CmFUL1 is a candidate gene involved in regulating fruit length in melon, and provided genetic resources for molecular breeding of melon. Keywords: Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: Acrobat Distiller 24.0 (Windows); modified using iTextSharp.LGPLv2.Core 3.7.4.0 CreationDate: Sat Jun 14 01:35:23 CEST 2025 ModDate: Mon Jul 13 16:51:53 CEST 2026 ID: 0xa8ca9cc1699438c28a9bba0f6008d3e7, 0x328fa0ec0fd0f014b3594af7b862c6ae Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1943 ImageHeight: 814 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 519 ImageHeight: 418 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 457 ImageHeight: 506 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 482 ImageHeight: 423 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 248 ImageHeight: 487 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 475 ImageHeight: 478 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: JJFGKC+MTGU FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 2 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJFGKC+MTGU Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 24, -213, 839, 683 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJEJPH+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 44 LastChar: 133 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJEJPH+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Flags: Serif, Symbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -166, -273, 1141, 938 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJEKGH+CaeciliaLTStd-BoldItalic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 48 LastChar: 117 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJEKGH+CaeciliaLTStd-BoldItalic Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic, ForceBold FontBBox: -169, -273, 1082, 932 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJELDD+CaeciliaLTStd-Light FontSubset: true FirstChar: 37 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJELDD+CaeciliaLTStd-Light Flags: Serif, Symbolic FontBBox: -164, -266, 1130, 908 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJELJC+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 124 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJELJC+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Flags: Serif, Symbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -170, -277, 1146, 970 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJELNC+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJELNC+CaeciliaLTStd-LightItalic Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic FontBBox: -166, -267, 1033, 909 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJEJPI+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 169 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJEJPI+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman Flags: Serif, Symbolic FontBBox: -167, -270, 1136, 926 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJEKFH+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 45 LastChar: 117 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJEKFH+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic FontBBox: -166, -270, 1053, 915 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJFBIP+MTSYN FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 215 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJFBIP+MTSYN Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 0, -954, 1043, 900 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: JJFBPO+MTMI FontSubset: true FirstChar: 60 LastChar: 60 FontDescriptor: FontName: JJFBPO+MTMI Flags: Serif, Symbolic, Italic FontBBox: 0, -213, 987, 680 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true TrueType: Font: BaseFont: NZPNCJ+ArialMT FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: NZPNCJ+ArialMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -664, -324, 2000, 1039 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding XMP: application/pdf CmFUL1 was potentially involved in fruit elongation in melon Tang LingliHe YuhuaLiu BingxueLiu MingqianXu YongyangZhang JianKong WeihuAn LuluHu KeyunGarcia-Mas JordiLiu BinZhao Guangwei DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhaf138, Horticulture Research, 12, 00, 1 8 2025. Abstract: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a fruit crop in the world; fruit size and fruit shape are major traits for melon quality. Fruit length is a crucial indicator affecting fruit size and shape, but few genes regulating this trait have been identified. Here, we identified the transcription factor CmFUL1 (FRUITFULL) as a candidate for regulating fruit length using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and phylogenetic analysis. CmFUL1 is mainly expressed during flower and ovary development by tissue-specific expression. Transcriptional analysis revealed that CmFUL1 expression levels exhibited a negative correlation with fruit length across diverse melon germplasm. Furthermore, functional characterization demonstrated that CmFUL1 acts as a negative regulator of fruit elongation, CR-Cmful1 mutants generated by CRISPR-Cas9 showing enhanced longitudinal fruits. This repressive role was evolutionarily conserved, as heterologous overexpression of CmFUL1 in tomato consistently inhibited fruit elongation. Collectively, the results suggested that CmFUL1 is a candidate gene involved in regulating fruit length in melon, and provided genetic resources for molecular breeding of melon. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University. 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