96069a06f1835678c1c94602622e6a36 329540.pdf 5fc584398c4a76d5423612f560ac3d11075bf274 329540.pdf 2a6071477e027d04c5bc6f4f2c932620e939bdd9595ec2dfb38de048117c2ee3 329540.pdf Title: Acute heart failure in non-cardiac surgery Subject: DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf559; European Heart Journal, 46, 40, 2025-08-21.; Abstract: More than 64 million people worldwide have heart failure (HF), and these numbers are expected to rise. Acute HF (AHF) is the leading cause of hospitalization in patients over 65 years old and is linked to high mortality and readmission rates. AHF may also be a frequent complication in patients hospitalized for other medical reasons as well as after cardiac or non-cardiac surgery. These three entities are summarized as secondary AHF. As secondary AHF has been largely overlooked by medical research and education, little is known about its pathophysiology, phenotypes, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Secondary AHF occurring after non-cardiac surgery warrants particular attention due to its very high mortality rates of up to 44% within 1 year and is therefore the focus of this review. The scope of this document is to summarize the available evidence regarding the pathophysiology, prevention, diagn Keywords: Acute heart failure; Non-cardiac surgery; Perioperative complications; Heart failure; Natriuretic peptides Author: Danielle M. 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L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: OneColumn PageMode: UseOutlines Language: en Outlines: Item: Title: Acute heart failure in non-cardiac surgery Destination: head1 Children: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: secehaf559-s1 Item: Title: Incidence and prognosis of AHF after non-cardiac surgery Destination: secehaf559-s2 Children: Item: Title: Incidence Destination: secehaf559-s2.1 Item: Title: Prognosis Destination: secehaf559-s2.2 Item: Title: Pathophysiology of AHF after non-cardiac surgery Destination: secehaf559-s3 Children: Item: Title: Neurohormonal response Destination: secehaf559-s3.1 Item: Title: Immunoinflammatory response Destination: secehaf559-s3.2 Item: Title: Coagulation system Destination: secehaf559-s3.3 Item: Title: Anaesthesia Destination: secehaf559-s3.4 Item: Title: Development of AHF after non-cardiac surgery Destination: secehaf559-s3.5 Item: Title: Pre-operative risk assessment and management Destination: secehaf559-s4 Children: Item: Title: Patients with known HF Destination: secehaf559-s4.1 Children: Item: Title: Perioperative risk in patients with HF Destination: secehaf559-s4.1.1 Item: Title: Risk stratification and pre-operative management of patients with HF Destination: secehaf559-s4.1.2 Item: Title: Patients without known HF Destination: secehaf559-s4.2 Children: Item: Title: Patients with dyspnoea Destination: secehaf559-s4.2.1 Item: Title: Asymptomatic patients Destination: secehaf559-s4.2.2 Item: Title: Surveillance and diagnosis of AHF after non-cardiac surgery Destination: secehaf559-s5 Item: Title: Management of AHF after non-cardiac surgery Destination: secehaf559-s6 Item: Title: Knowledge gaps Destination: secehaf559-s7 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: secehaf559-s8 Item: Title: Declarations Destination: secehaf559-s9 Children: Item: Title: Disclosure of Interest Destination: secehaf559-s9.1 Item: Title: Data Availability Destination: secehaf559-s9.2 Item: Title: Funding Destination: secehaf559-s9.3 Item: Title: Practical tips, including examples of clinical scenarios Destination: apnd Children: Item: Title: Destination: apndehaf559-s10 Children: Item: Title: Scenario 1: HFrEF undergoing high-risk non-cardiac surgery Destination: apndehaf559-s10.1 Item: Title: Scenario 2: post-operative cardiac consultation in a patient without known HF undergoing urgent moderate-risk surgery Destination: apndehaf559-s10.2 Item: Title: Scenario 3: patient without known HF undergoing urgent moderate-risk non-cardiac surgery Destination: apndehaf559-s10.3 Item: Title: References Destination: reflist Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1293 ImageHeight: 648 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 933 ImageHeight: 675 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer 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Nonsymbolic, Italic FontBBox: -498, -307, 1333, 1023 FontFile2: true Font: BaseFont: XUPPJK+GillSansNova-Heavy CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: XUPPJK+GillSansNova-Heavy Flags: Nonsymbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -504, -287, 1375, 966 FontFile2: true XMP: uuid:a073117b-9ea2-4565-8aa3-68efd9f0f521 uuid:2260310C-ED1F-C1CA-CB2B-A27F1640FED4 True Acute heart failure; Non-cardiac surgery; Perioperative complications; Heart failure; Natriuretic peptides PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win64) application/pdf 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf559 en Oxford University Press Acute heart failure in non-cardiac surgery Danielle M. Gualandro Josep Masip Sigrun Halvorsen Susanna Price Xavier Rosselló Ovidiu Chioncel W. Frank Peacock Òscar Miró Mucio Tavares Oliveira Junior Alexandre Mebazaa Elke Platz Offer Amir Hannah Schaubroeck Johannes Grand Alessandro Sionis Guido Tavazzi Janine Pöss Frederik H. Verbrugge Alessia Gambaro Otilia Tica Mattia Arrigo Christian Mueller DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf559; European Heart Journal, 46, 40, 2025-08-21.; Abstract: More than 64 million people worldwide have heart failure (HF), and these numbers are expected to rise. Acute HF (AHF) is the leading cause of hospitalization in patients over 65 years old and is linked to high mortality and readmission rates. AHF may also be a frequent complication in patients hospitalized for other medical reasons as well as after cardiac or non-cardiac surgery. These three entities are summarized as secondary AHF. As secondary AHF has been largely overlooked by medical research and education, little is known about its pathophysiology, phenotypes, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Secondary AHF occurring after non-cardiac surgery warrants particular attention due to its very high mortality rates of up to 44% within 1 year and is therefore the focus of this review. The scope of this document is to summarize the available evidence regarding the pathophysiology, prevention, diagn © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. Acute heart failure Non-cardiac surgery Perioperative complications Heart failure Natriuretic peptides Journal European Heart Journal © The Author(s) 2025. 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