a81639312c9822a57e5d43cfdad8ef13 sustainability_a2025v17e8580iENG.pdf 6d30842c1697963a9087fb8abdc55c4b9e5e5eaa sustainability_a2025v17e8580iENG.pdf c5fb5ceeb40d9a1fea1d68ae457e100d06067dd091dc0649d74050c5488e5076 sustainability_a2025v17e8580iENG.pdf Title: Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Sustainable Eating Knowledge, Attitudes, Habits, and Cooking Self-Efficacy Among Spanish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Subject: This cross-sectional study examines adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) lifestyle and its association with knowledge, attitudes, habits, and cooking self-efficacy related to healthy and sustainable diets among Spanish adults. Additionally, it explores how sociodemographic and behavioral variables influence adherence to the MD. An online survey was conducted with 380 participants, predominantly women, urban dwellers, and highly educated individuals. The results reveal limited knowledge about food sustainability, with only 58.1% recognizing the MD as a sustainable model. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that higher adherence to the MD lifestyle was significantly associated with older age. Younger individuals who cooked regularly reported higher cooking self-efficacy, which in turn was associated with living with children and with healthier and more sustainable dietary habits. These dietary habits were also linked to being female, highlighting the interconnected roles of gender, age, and domestic context in shaping attitudes toward healthy and sustainable eating. The findings highlight a strong interrelation among attitudes, habits, and cooking self-efficacy, which together influence MD adherence. These results underscore the importance of designing targeted public health interventions that enhance cooking self-efficacy as a key lever to promote healthier and more sustainable eating habits, particularly among men and individuals who cook infrequently. Keywords: mediterranean diet; healthy diet; sustainable diet; dietary patterns; cooking self-efficacy; public health Author: Victoria Lorca-Camara, Anna Bach-Faig, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Patricia Jurado-Gonzalez, Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo and Marina Bosque-Prous Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Thu Sep 25 07:31:52 2025 CEST ModDate: Thu Sep 25 07:44:19 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 25 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1584734 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- TLGCVT+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 117 0 XVSEQU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 118 0 ZPDRFN+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 119 0 ZPYGQM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 120 0 GQWIGS+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 225 0 ZIPEAN+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 259 0 BCJKEK+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 253 0 BCJKEJ+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 254 0 QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 302 0 UJUUJI+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 321 0 BCJKEK+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 334 0 BCJKCJ+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 335 0 BCJKEJ+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 336 0 BCJKEK+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 315 0 BCJKCJ+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 316 0 BCJKEJ+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 317 0 BCJKEK+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 417 0 BCJKCJ+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 418 0 BCJKEJ+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 419 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-07-16 04:04:56 CEST RepresentationInformation: sustainability_a2025v17e8580iENG.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-07-15 07:01:39 CEST Size: 1584734 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 667 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Subjects and Design Item: Title: Measures Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Sample Description Item: Title: Associations Between Variables Item: Title: Discussion Children: Item: Title: Adherence to the MD, Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Attitudes, Habits, and Cooking Self-Efficacy Item: Title: Gender, Age, and Regular Cooking Item: Title: Sustainable and Healthy MD Knowledge Item: Title: Implications for Public Health and Future Research Item: Title: Limitations Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Sustainable Eating Knowledge, Attitudes, Habits, and Cooking Self-Efficacy Among Spanish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Author: Victoria Lorca-Camara, Anna Bach-Faig, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Patricia Jurado-Gonzalez, Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo and Marina Bosque-Prous Subject: This cross-sectional study examines adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) lifestyle and its association with knowledge, attitudes, habits, and cooking self-efficacy related to healthy and sustainable diets among Spanish adults. Additionally, it explores how sociodemographic and behavioral variables influence adherence to the MD. An online survey was conducted with 380 participants, predominantly women, urban dwellers, and highly educated individuals. The results reveal limited knowledge about food sustainability, with only 58.1% recognizing the MD as a sustainable model. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that higher adherence to the MD lifestyle was significantly associated with older age. Younger individuals who cooked regularly reported higher cooking self-efficacy, which in turn was associated with living with children and with healthier and more sustainable dietary habits. These dietary habits were also linked to being female, highlighting the interconnected roles of gender, age, and domestic context in shaping attitudes toward healthy and sustainable eating. The findings highlight a strong interrelation among attitudes, habits, and cooking self-efficacy, which together influence MD adherence. These results underscore the importance of designing targeted public health interventions that enhance cooking self-efficacy as a key lever to promote healthier and more sustainable eating habits, particularly among men and individuals who cook infrequently. 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