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Prof Oskar Hansson MD Emma Nichols PhD Valentina Garibotto MD Suzanne E Schindler MD Prof Wiesje M van der Flier PhD Prof Frank Jessen MD Nicolas Villain MD Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo PhD Lucia Crivelli PhD Juan Fortea MD Prof Lea T Grinberg MD Prof Zahinoor Ismail MD Prof Satoshi Minoshima MD Rik Ossenkoppele PhD Prof Henrik Zetterberg MD Prof Ronald C Petersen MD Prof Bruno Dubois MD The Lancet, 406 (2025) 1389-1407. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01294-2 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license journal The Lancet Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. 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