fa1e5414ba727020e516bfd2ffda92d0 ra-3516-masek.pdf cc83ffaf4c2bf3ea2cbc506e163119edb1225c89 ra-3516-masek.pdf 3577e1c0be8d883624e4d0e82beeed02b83b98691b2c58df11672a72343a41ce ra-3516-masek.pdf Title: Parallel Marxisms: Mariátegui, Gramsci and the vernacularisation of socialist thought Subject: During the interwar period, theorists synthesised Indigeneity, the national-popular struggle and socialist praxis. Recognising the limitations of orthodox Marxism, José Carlos Mariátegui and Antonio Gramsci developed original perspectives on revolutionary theory and practice for twentieth-century socialism. While there is no evidence of a direct relationship between them, their ideas bear striking similarities in elucidating a socialist project. This article offers a symmetrical comparative analysis of Gramsci’s and Mariátegui’s works, examining parallels in their attempts at vernacularising Marxism. Their editorial projects – L’Ordine Nuovo and Amauta – reveal that both writers were heterodox Marxists who sought to adapt historical materialism to their countries’ specific conditions, rejecting economic determinism and emphasising the role of culture and ideology in the revolutionary struggle. I make a comparative historical analysis of key elements in Seven Interpretative Essays on Peruvian Reality and The Prison Notebooks to outline a shared conception of Marxism as a ‘philosophy of praxis’ – the unity of theory and revolutionary practice rooted in the concrete historical reality. The article applies Gramsci’s framework to Mariátegui’s ‘Peruvian reality’ to explore synergies in their approaches to hegemony. By examining Indigenous people as revolutionary subjects and indigenismo as a socialist strategy, Mariátegui’s distinct and innovative contributions to Latin American and global revolutionary theory engages the concept of hegemony by operationalising the national popular. Thinking alongside political parties and understanding their instrumentality, like Gramsci, Mariátegui saw the revolutionary movement’s need to engage with and transform the cultural and ideological spheres, not just the economic base. Both Mariátegui and Gramsci sought to develop a vernacular Marxism that is traceable across their biographies. Keywords: socialism; Indigeneity; Latin America; revolutions; Marxism Author: Vaclav Masek Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: xdvipdfmx (20220710) CreationDate: Tue Sep 2 02:52:52 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 21 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.28 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 475214 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YSSVXO+AvenirLTStd-Heavy-Identity-H CID Type 0C Identity-H yes yes yes 5 0 DDAMKO+AvenirLTStd-HeavyOblique-Identity-H CID Type 0C Identity-H yes yes yes 10 0 DVFLKM+AvenirLTStd-Light-Identity-H CID Type 0C Identity-H yes yes yes 12 0 PPVAEB+AvenirLTStd-Medium-Identity-H CID Type 0C Identity-H yes yes yes 14 0 HSCGFZ+AvenirLTStd-LightOblique-Identity-H CID Type 0C Identity-H yes yes yes 23 0 MZDWVV+CMSY10 Type 1C Builtin yes yes yes 25 0 NNBOVN+VNR10 Type 1C Builtin yes yes yes 60 0 UCGXQT+VNR9 Type 1C Builtin yes yes yes 199 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-10-02 03:09:37 CEST RepresentationInformation: ra-3516-masek.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-10-01 04:21:19 CEST Size: 475214 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Children: Item: Title: Biographical parallels and intellectual milieu Item: Title: Vernacular Marxism: core tenets Item: Title: Methods: a comparative framework Children: Item: Title: Philosophy of praxis, or the theory–practice unity Item: Title: Vanguard parties: the role of culture and intellectuals Item: Title: Nationalism(s): the southern question and indigenismo Item: Title: A Gramscian analysis of Mariátegui Children: Item: Title: Hegemony in the Andes: wars of position/wars of manoeuvre Item: Title: Ayllu as a counter-hegemonic site Item: Title: Conclusion Children: Item: Title: Decolonising Marxism Item: Title: Acknowledgements Item: Title: Declarations and conflicts of interest Children: Item: Title: Research ethics statement Item: Title: Consent for publication statement Item: Title: Conflicts of interest statement Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2003 ImageHeight: 1335 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Fonts: Type0: Font: BaseFont: YSSVXO+AvenirLTStd-Heavy-Identity-H Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: HSCGFZ+AvenirLTStd-LightOblique-Identity-H Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: DDAMKO+AvenirLTStd-HeavyOblique-Identity-H Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: DVFLKM+AvenirLTStd-Light-Identity-H Encoding: Identity-H 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