08bfde65846499726a5f02e378c4a631 APPSCI_a2025v15p12791.pdf 652d1f0507eb3e5f186ac37fcf870bde5ac45066 APPSCI_a2025v15p12791.pdf ffa09dbf33db48c025fc8f5faad3eb809ca7930dd4964fb0bb858a52242ee740 APPSCI_a2025v15p12791.pdf Title: Dietary White Grape Pomace Silage for Goats: Assessing the Impact of Inclusion Level on Milk Processing Attributes Subject: Grape pomace is the principal by-product of the winemaking industry, with an estimated global production of 14 million tonnes annually. Traditional livestock systems often incorporate local agroindustrial by-products into ruminant diets, and grape pomace is particularly notable for its high concentrations of bioactive compounds. These grape-derived molecules may exert beneficial effects on animal oxidative balance, biochemical status and productive performance, offering an environmentally and economically sustainable alternative to conventional feed ingredients that may be incorporated into the milk produced. This study evaluated the impact of incorporating varying inclusion levels (0, 5, 10 and 15% DM) of ensiled white grape pomace (WGP) into isoenergetic and isoproteic diets on the nutritional and technological characteristics of goat milk. Eighty-eight Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were selected and allocated into eight homogeneous batches (n = 11 per batch) based on physiological traits. Following a pre-experimental sampling, each diet was randomly assigned to two batches, and the feeding trial lasted eight weeks. After a two-week dietary adaptation period, four biweekly samplings were conducted to obtain representative bulk tank milk samples from each batch. Milk samples were analysed for gross composition, pH, mineral profile, fatty acid composition, coagulation properties, colorimetric parameters and antioxidant capacity. WGP consumption significantly increased milk fat content, improved the lipid profile from a human health perspective, accelerated curd aggregation and elevated the yellowness index. Moreover, notable changes were observed in the antioxidant activity of the milk. Despite these effects, the overall composition of the milk remained largely unchanged, which is a key factor in preserving its technological properties. Nevertheless, the final product demonstrated enhanced biological quality, reinforcing its value as a functional food for human consumption. Keywords: grape by-products; grape pomace; functional properties; fatty acids; health index; antioxidant Author: Marina Galvez-Lopez, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Jordi Saldo, Esther Sendra, Gema Romero and José Ramón Díaz Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Wed Dec 3 11:08:36 2025 CET ModDate: Wed Dec 3 11:13:48 2025 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 347790 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MSHVVV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 118 0 DMBCFV+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 119 0 LJCGMD+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 120 0 VVPAOM+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 121 0 ZZWDNM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 213 0 ZZLWJT+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 246 0 BBPEWV+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 288 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 377 0 RGATGF+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 526 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-01-09 03:11:07 CET RepresentationInformation: APPSCI_a2025v15p12791.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-01-08 04:53:59 CET Size: 347790 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 576 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Animals and Facilities Item: Title: Experimental Design Item: Title: Variables Analysed Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Gross Composition Item: Title: Mineral Profile Item: Title: Fatty Acids Profile Item: Title: Milk Coagulation Properties Item: Title: Colorimetric Parameters Item: Title: Antioxidant Activity Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Dietary White Grape Pomace Silage for Goats: Assessing the Impact of Inclusion Level on Milk Processing Attributes Author: Marina Galvez-Lopez, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Jordi Saldo, Esther Sendra, Gema Romero and José Ramón Díaz Subject: Grape pomace is the principal by-product of the winemaking industry, with an estimated global production of 14 million tonnes annually. Traditional livestock systems often incorporate local agroindustrial by-products into ruminant diets, and grape pomace is particularly notable for its high concentrations of bioactive compounds. These grape-derived molecules may exert beneficial effects on animal oxidative balance, biochemical status and productive performance, offering an environmentally and economically sustainable alternative to conventional feed ingredients that may be incorporated into the milk produced. This study evaluated the impact of incorporating varying inclusion levels (0, 5, 10 and 15% DM) of ensiled white grape pomace (WGP) into isoenergetic and isoproteic diets on the nutritional and technological characteristics of goat milk. Eighty-eight Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were selected and allocated into eight homogeneous batches (n = 11 per batch) based on physiological traits. Following a pre-experimental sampling, each diet was randomly assigned to two batches, and the feeding trial lasted eight weeks. After a two-week dietary adaptation period, four biweekly samplings were conducted to obtain representative bulk tank milk samples from each batch. Milk samples were analysed for gross composition, pH, mineral profile, fatty acid composition, coagulation properties, colorimetric parameters and antioxidant capacity. WGP consumption significantly increased milk fat content, improved the lipid profile from a human health perspective, accelerated curd aggregation and elevated the yellowness index. Moreover, notable changes were observed in the antioxidant activity of the milk. Despite these effects, the overall composition of the milk remained largely unchanged, which is a key factor in preserving its technological properties. Nevertheless, the final product demonstrated enhanced biological quality, reinforcing its value as a functional food for human consumption. 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