338c178fb3d6b5cf38d9379ae9c14583 animals-15-02181-v2.pdf 931af171ee45a156ed44b698a30b0f809d1874ba animals-15-02181-v2.pdf a1a22d1d368583d904cee0b0d7cde08cf69f1400ad9abb2a9b6a60c6874b4d93 animals-15-02181-v2.pdf Title: Assessing the Potential of Fecal NIRS for External Marker and Digestibility Predictions in Broilers Subject: This study evaluated fecal near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) potential to predict three external markers (Yb, Ti, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) calculated from these markers and fiber fractions. A total of 192 fecal samples were collected from 576 Ross 308 male chicks supplemented with TiO2 (2 g/kg), Yb2O3 (50 mg/kg), and PEG (5 g/kg) for 8 d. Reference values for Ti and Yb were obtained using an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer, for fiber fractions via ANKOM, and for PEG content using an ad hoc fNIRS model. Prediction models were developed in external validation with 25% of the samples. Good and fair prediction models were built for Ti and Yb, respectively, and considered adequate for rough screening. The DMD models based on Yb and ADF were unreliable, whereas the model based on Ti was suitable for rough screening. The PEG prediction model built during the adaptation period performed exceptionally well; however, the DMD prediction based on PEG highlighted limitations due to diet differences during both the adaptation and experimental periods. In conclusion, fNIRS shows promise for screening Ti and Yb fecal content and DMD using Ti. However, tailored PEG prediction equations need to be developed for each specific diet. Keywords: NIRS; broiler; digestibility marker; PEG; excreta Author: Oussama Tej, Elena Albanell, Ibtissam Kaikat and Carmen L. Manuelian Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Fri Jul 25 12:30:00 2025 CEST ModDate: Fri Jul 25 12:32:41 2025 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 490791 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QNHAFR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 104 0 DBCQIM+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 105 0 ODKTKV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 106 0 OCOKEF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 192 0 QDCWHF+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 193 0 VPGCOS+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 210 0 JHYTSG+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 211 0 FFFMEL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 227 0 FFFMEJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 228 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 280 0 HBOELN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 275 0 HBOELL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 276 0 LTRRAV+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 402 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-09-05 03:08:24 CEST RepresentationInformation: animals-15-02181-v2.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-09-04 06:06:05 CEST Size: 490791 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 459 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Samples Origin Item: Title: Reference Analysis Item: Title: Spectral Collection Item: Title: Chemometric Analysis Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Ad Hoc PEG Calibration in Excreta Item: Title: NIRS Predictive Models to Quantify Yb and Ti Item: Title: NIRS Predictive Models to Quantify Digestibility Item: Title: Discussion Children: Item: Title: Feasibility of PEG in Broilers for Digestibility Item: Title: Accuracy of NIRS Models for Yb, Ti, and Fiber Fractions, and DMD Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Assessing the Potential of Fecal NIRS for External Marker and Digestibility Predictions in Broilers Author: Oussama Tej, Elena Albanell, Ibtissam Kaikat and Carmen L. Manuelian Subject: This study evaluated fecal near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) potential to predict three external markers (Yb, Ti, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) calculated from these markers and fiber fractions. A total of 192 fecal samples were collected from 576 Ross 308 male chicks supplemented with TiO2 (2 g/kg), Yb2O3 (50 mg/kg), and PEG (5 g/kg) for 8 d. Reference values for Ti and Yb were obtained using an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer, for fiber fractions via ANKOM, and for PEG content using an ad hoc fNIRS model. Prediction models were developed in external validation with 25% of the samples. Good and fair prediction models were built for Ti and Yb, respectively, and considered adequate for rough screening. The DMD models based on Yb and ADF were unreliable, whereas the model based on Ti was suitable for rough screening. The PEG prediction model built during the adaptation period performed exceptionally well; however, the DMD prediction based on PEG highlighted limitations due to diet differences during both the adaptation and experimental periods. In conclusion, fNIRS shows promise for screening Ti and Yb fecal content and DMD using Ti. However, tailored PEG prediction equations need to be developed for each specific diet. 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