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Title:           Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment Moderates the Impact of Childhood Experiences on Psychotic, Depressive, and Anxiety Dimensions
Subject:         DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad130
, Volume. 51, Issue. S2, XX XX XXXX
Background and Hypothesis: Gene-by-environment (GxE) studies in psychosis have exclusively focused on negative exposures. However, evidence supports the resilience-enhancing effect of positive factors on psychosis outcome. The Differential Susceptibility (DS) model proposes that common genetic variants may confer not only disproportionate responsiveness to negative environments, but also greater sensitivity to positive, resilience-enhancing conditions. This study is the first to apply the DS model to the expression of subclinical psychosis, employing polygenic risk scores of environmental sensitivity (PRS-ES). PRS-ES were hypothesized to moderate, in a DS manner, associations between childhood adversity and psychosis, affective, and anxiety dimensions in young adults. An exploratory goal examined whether PRS for psychotic-like experiences (PRS-PLE) also showed DS patterns. Study Design: PRS, schizotypy, PLE, depression, anxiety, and childhood adversity ratings were obtained for 197 nonclinical young adults. LEGIT software for testing competitive-confirmatory GxE models was employed. Study Results: Results largely supported DS: Individuals high on PRS-ES showed increased subclinical psychosis, depression, and anxiety if they had experienced elevated childhood adversity, and lower symptoms if exposed to low levels of adversity as compared with those with low PRS-ES. Similarly, PRS-PLE moderated the effect of adversity on PLE, positive schizotypy, and depression following the DS model, but only PRS-ES moderation on PLE survived statistical correction. Conclusions: Our results suggest that genetic DS to the environment is relevant to psychosis, depression, and anxiety. Current debates on reconceptualization of genetic "risk" and resilience may benefit from this insight that support optimistic views on preventative efforts for early detection and intervention. 
Author:          Neus Barrantes-Vidal
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     Item: 
      Title: Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment Moderates the Impact of Childhood Experiences on Psychotic, Depressive, and Anxiety Dimensions
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Introduction
       Item: 
        Title: Methods
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: Participants
       Item: 
        Title: Materials and Procedure
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: Calculation of PRS
         Item: 
          Title: Early Adversity
         Item: 
          Title: Phenotypic Measures
          Children: 
           Item: 
            Title: Psychosis Spectrum. Schizotypy traits were assessed with the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales short form (WSS-S)60 from which participants were assigned positive and negative schizotypy factor scores.61 Positive schizotypy taps magical thinking (α = 0.86) and 
           Item: 
            Title: Affective and Anxiety Spectrums. Anxiety (α = 0.81) and Depression (α = 0.85) subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)63 were used.
         Item: 
          Title: Statistical Analysis
       Item: 
        Title: Results
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: PRS-ES as a Moderating Susceptibility Factor
         Item: 
          Title: PRS-PLE as a Moderating Susceptibility Factor
       Item: 
        Title: Discussion
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: Strengths and Limitations
       Item: 
        Title: Conclusions and Implications
       Item: 
        Title: Supplementary Material
       Item: 
        Title: Acknowledgment
       Item: 
        Title: References
   Info: 
    Title: Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment Moderates the Impact of Childhood Experiences on Psychotic, Depressive, and Anxiety Dimensions
    Author: Neus Barrantes-Vidal
    Subject: DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad130
, Volume. 51, Issue. S2, XX XX XXXX
Background and Hypothesis: Gene-by-environment (GxE) studies in psychosis have exclusively focused on negative exposures. However, evidence supports the resilience-enhancing effect of positive factors on psychosis outcome. The Differential Susceptibility (DS) model proposes that common genetic variants may confer not only disproportionate responsiveness to negative environments, but also greater sensitivity to positive, resilience-enhancing conditions. This study is the first to apply the DS model to the expression of subclinical psychosis, employing polygenic risk scores of environmental sensitivity (PRS-ES). PRS-ES were hypothesized to moderate, in a DS manner, associations between childhood adversity and psychosis, affective, and anxiety dimensions in young adults. An exploratory goal examined whether PRS for psychotic-like experiences (PRS-PLE) also showed DS patterns. Study Design: PRS, schizotypy, PLE, depression, anxiety, and childhood adversity ratings were obtained for 197 nonclinical young adults. LEGIT software for testing competitive-confirmatory GxE models was employed. Study Results: Results largely supported DS: Individuals high on PRS-ES showed increased subclinical psychosis, depression, and anxiety if they had experienced elevated childhood adversity, and lower symptoms if exposed to low levels of adversity as compared with those with low PRS-ES. Similarly, PRS-PLE moderated the effect of adversity on PLE, positive schizotypy, and depression following the DS model, but only PRS-ES moderation on PLE survived statistical correction. Conclusions: Our results suggest that genetic DS to the environment is relevant to psychosis, depression, and anxiety. Current debates on reconceptualization of genetic "risk" and resilience may benefit from this insight that support optimistic views on preventative efforts for early detection and intervention. 
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, Volume. 51, Issue. S2, XX XX XXXX
Background and Hypothesis: Gene-by-environment (GxE) studies in psychosis have exclusively focused on negative exposures. However, evidence supports the resilience-enhancing effect of positive factors on psychosis outcome. The Differential Susceptibility (DS) model proposes that common genetic variants may confer not only disproportionate responsiveness to negative environments, but also greater sensitivity to positive, resilience-enhancing conditions. This study is the first to apply the DS model to the expression of subclinical psychosis, employing polygenic risk scores of environmental sensitivity (PRS-ES). PRS-ES were hypothesized to moderate, in a DS manner, associations between childhood adversity and psychosis, affective, and anxiety dimensions in young adults. An exploratory goal examined whether PRS for psychotic-like experiences (PRS-PLE) also showed DS patterns. Study Design: PRS, schizotypy, PLE, depression, anxiety, and childhood adversity ratings were obtained for 197 nonclinical young adults. LEGIT software for testing competitive-confirmatory GxE models was employed. Study Results: Results largely supported DS: Individuals high on PRS-ES showed increased subclinical psychosis, depression, and anxiety if they had experienced elevated childhood adversity, and lower symptoms if exposed to low levels of adversity as compared with those with low PRS-ES. Similarly, PRS-PLE moderated the effect of adversity on PLE, positive schizotypy, and depression following the DS model, but only PRS-ES moderation on PLE survived statistical correction. Conclusions: Our results suggest that genetic DS to the environment is relevant to psychosis, depression, and anxiety. Current debates on reconceptualization of genetic "risk" and resilience may benefit from this insight that support optimistic views on preventative efforts for early detection and intervention. </rdf:li>
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