612ab00484b30ced4f01899ecd2a1cf6 pmc_11769276.pdf 64cadbcfb6a17db8e4e12067abee34c8d4f8511a pmc_11769276.pdf d0eefcb3aecb9aae5691ce0fa1169e50872d1fa76a9557287f8b69fcccdfbd9e pmc_11769276.pdf Title: Medicinal Plant Use in North Karelia, Finland, in the 2010s Subject: Finnish North Karelia is a region with a rich cultural history of ethnomedicinal plant use, shaped by centuries of interactions among various ethnic groups. This study identified both similarities and divergences between local Finns, Karelians war refugees, and individuals of mixed origin compared to historical records. Based on 67 semi-structured interviews, we documented the use of 43 medicinal plant taxa from 25 families, of which 31 remain in use. Notably, the number of medicinal plants continuously used in North Karelia is considerably lower than in other parts of Europe, with less than 25% of historically utilised species still in practice, which reflects the fragile state of this knowledge. Factors such as forced relocation, the loss of traditional lands, and the need to adapt to new environments might have contributed to this decline. Another influencing factor is official healthcare attitudes, which have prompted Finnish residents to shift from traditional herbal remedies to modern medical practices. Understanding the circulation of ethnomedicinal knowledge and its transformation over time is essential for identifying pathways to revitalise these practices within the framework of modern healthcare systems and cultural revitalisation efforts. Keywords: North Karelia; ethnomedicine; borderland; plant-based remedies; herbals; written sources; herbalists; cultural transmission; healthcare systems; historical ethnobotany Author: Renata Sõukand, Natalia Kuznetsova, Julia Prakofjewa, Sabira Ståhlberg, Ingvar Svanberg, Baiba Prūse, Giulia Mattalia and Raivo Kalle Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Wed Jan 15 10:37:59 2025 CET ModDate: Wed Jan 15 10:43:54 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 22 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2116807 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WVTYHZ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 GJHXVV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 UMFBAR+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 INVIIQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 ADAGHZ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 FJJMOI+SFRB1000 Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 76 0 IYGTZP+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 82 0 MNBLJB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 102 0 MNBLJC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 105 0 MNBLJD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 111 0 MNBLJF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 114 0 MNBMBD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 117 0 MNBLJB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 129 0 MNBLJC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 132 0 MNBLJD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 138 0 MNBLJF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 141 0 MNBMBD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 144 0 MNBLJB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 158 0 MNBLJC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 161 0 MNBLJD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 167 0 MNBLJF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 170 0 MNBMBD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 173 0 MNBLJB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 182 0 MNBLJC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 185 0 MNBLJD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 191 0 MNBLJF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 194 0 MNBMBD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 197 0 MNBLJB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 217 0 MNBLJC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 220 0 MNBLJD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 226 0 MNBLJF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 229 0 MNBMBD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 232 0 WPQCLC+wasy10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 242 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-11 02:49:46 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_11769276.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-08 03:08:02 CET Size: 2116807 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 467 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Data and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Study Region Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Field Study and Data Collection Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Disease Categorisation Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Comparison with Historical Sources Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Medicinal Plant Use in North Karelia, Finland, in the 2010s Author: げづのちぴち〠こヵふにちのつ〬〠ぎちぴちぬどち〠かふぺのづぴびはぶち〬〠おふぬどち〠ぐひちにはてなづぷち〬〠こちぢどひち〠こぴュとぬぢづひで〬〠ぉのでぶちひ〠こぶちのぢづひで〬〠あちどぢち〠ぐひㅫびづ〬〠ぇどふぬどち〠きちぴぴちぬどち〠ちのつ〠げちどぶは〠かちぬぬづ Subject: Finnish North Karelia is a region with a rich cultural history of ethnomedicinal plant use, shaped by centuries of interactions among various ethnic groups. This study identified both similarities and divergences between local Finns, Karelians war refugees, and individuals of mixed origin compared to historical records. Based on 67 semi-structured interviews, we documented the use of 43 medicinal plant taxa from 25 families, of which 31 remain in use. Notably, the number of medicinal plants continuously used in North Karelia is considerably lower than in other parts of Europe, with less than 25% of historically utilised species still in practice, which reflects the fragile state of this knowledge. Factors such as forced relocation, the loss of traditional lands, and the need to adapt to new environments might have contributed to this decline. Another influencing factor is official healthcare attitudes, which have prompted Finnish residents to shift from traditional herbal remedies to modern medical practices. Understanding the circulation of ethnomedicinal knowledge and its transformation over time is essential for identifying pathways to revitalise these practices within the framework of modern healthcare systems and cultural revitalisation efforts. 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